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PSYC 376 - Psychopathology > Chapter 5 - Anxiety > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Anxiety Flashcards

1
Q

Anxiety Definition

A

Future-orientated state where person focuses on potential danger or misfortune that could occur

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2
Q

What are 2 main physical reactions of Anxiety

A

elevated heart rate and muscle tension

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3
Q

Fear definition

A

present-orientated state where person wants to escape and fight/flight response occurs

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4
Q

What are panic attacks

A

alarm response of real fear when no danger exists

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5
Q

Physical symptoms of panic attack

A

heart palpitations, chest pain, shortness in breath, dizziness

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6
Q

Biological causes of Anxiety

A

inherit tendency to be anxious
specific brain circuits and neurotransmitter systems
Limbic system
environment can change sensitivity

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7
Q

Psychological causes of anxiety

A

psychic reaction to danger (Freud)
Behav - early conditioning, modeling and learning
lack of control due to upbringing

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8
Q

Social causes of anxiety

A

stressful life events

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9
Q

Triple vulnerability theory

A

Generalized biological vulnerability - tendency to inherit
Generalized psychological vulnerability - grow up believeing world is dangerous
Specific psychological vulnerability - learn from early experience

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10
Q

Stats around anxiety

A

8.6% of canadians over 12

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11
Q

What are the two most likely comorbidity

A

two types of anxiety and anxiety and depression

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12
Q

What is Generalized anxiety disorder

A

focus on minor everyday events. excessive worrying that can’t be turned off severely impacting function

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13
Q

What are the possible symptoms of GAD

A

Restlessness
Fatigue
Difficulty concentration
Irritable
Muscle tension
Difficulty sleeping

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14
Q

Stats on GAD

A

9% lifetime prevalence
3% meet criteria

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15
Q

What is the onset for GAD

A

earlier and more gradual

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16
Q

What are the 4 cognitive characteristics outlined by Dugas and Ladouceur on GAD

A

Intolerance of uncertainty
Positive beliefs about worry
poor problem orientation
cognitive avoidance

17
Q

Which drugs are prescribed for GAD

A

Benzodiazepines and Antidepressants

18
Q

What is Panic disorder

A

experience recurrent severe unexpected panic attacks and are constantly worried about having another

19
Q

What is Agoraphobia

A

fear and avoidance of situations considered to be unsafe that can’t be escaped easily

20
Q

Why is there a high comorbidity between substances and panic disorder

A

used as coping strategy
more susceptible to anxiety-reducing effects of alcohol

21
Q

Stats on panic disorder

A

1.5% in last year
3.7% lifetime
8-12% have occasional panic attacks

22
Q

What is the onset of panic disorder

A

early adult life

23
Q

Causes of panic disroder

A

learned alarms
susceptible to anxiety
tendency to believe unexpected bodily sensations are dangerous

24
Q

Drugs used for panic disorder

A

high-potency Benzodiazepines
Selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitios (SSRI)
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI)

25
Q

Specific phobia definition

A

fear/anxiety of a specific situation/object so you avoid said thing

26
Q

How is specific phobia acquired

A

Direct conditioning - observe someone elses response
Expeirnee false alarm in situation
infromation transmission - warned of potential danger
social and cultural factors

27
Q

Blood-Injury-Injection

A

Fear of blood, needles and injections
feel faint but never do
Average onset - 9 years old

28
Q

Situational phobias

A

fear of public transport or enclosed places
emerges in early 20s

29
Q

Natural environment phobias

A

fear of situation or events in nature
often cluster together
some danger involved
Peak onset - 7 years old

30
Q

Animal phobias

A

fear of animals and insects
Onset - 7 years old

31
Q

Stats about phobias

A

runs chronic course but declines with age
lifetime prevalence is 2x in women

32
Q

What is social anxiety disorder

A

fear of being around others especially when performance is required

33
Q

Stats about social anxiety disorder

A

13.3% at some point (most prevalent)
7.2% 1 year
peak onset - 15 years old

34
Q

Causes of social anxiety disorder

A

prepared to fear angry, critical, rejecting people
bio vulnerability to anxiety and/or tendency to be socially inhibited
unexpected panic attack in social stituation
real social traima
incoming bias of what perception will be

35
Q

treatment of social anxiety disorder

A

focus on role-playing social situations that bring fear to retrain perception of danger and actual consequences of behaviour

36
Q

treatment of phobias

A

focused on exposure-based exercises that are structured and consistent

37
Q

treatment of panic disorder

A

expose patients to sensations of panic attack and teach how to relax

38
Q

treatment of GAD

A

process emotional level and teach how to relax. confront anxiety head on in safe place and reevaluate if worrying is necessary

PSYC 376 - Psychopathology (11 decks)

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