Chapter 8 - Middle Childhood: Psychosocial Development

Question 1

Industry vs. Inferiority

Answer 1

Erikson’s fourth psychosocial crisis, during which children attempt to master many skills, developing a sense of themselves as either industrious or inferior, competent or incompetent

Question 2

Latency

Answer 2

Freud’s term for middle childhood, during which children’s emotional drives and psychosexual needs are quiet (latent). Freud thought that sexual conflicts from earlier stages are only temporarily submerged, bursting forth again at puberty.

Question 3

Social Comparison

Answer 3

Tendency to assess one’s abilities, achievements, social status, and other attributes by measuring them against those of other people, especially one’s peers

Question 4

Resilience

Answer 4

Capacity to adapt well to significant adversity and overcome serious stress

Question 5

Parentification

Answer 5

Child tries to take care of everyone, acting as parents

Question 6

Formula for Influences on a Child

Answer 6

Genes + Shared Environment + Nonshared Environment

Question 7

Family Structure

Answer 7

Legal and genetic relationships among relatives living in the same home

• nuclear family
• extended family
• step family

Question 8

Family Function

Answer 8

The way a family works to meet the needs of its members. Children need families to provide basic material needs, to encourage learning, to help them develop self-respect, to nurture friendships, and to foster harmony and stability

Question 9

Nuclear Family

Answer 9

Mom, dad, biological kids under 18

Question 10

Single Parent Family

Answer 10

One parent, biological kids under 18

Question 11

Extended Family

Answer 11

3 or more generations living in a single household

Question 12

Polygamous Family

Answer 12

Dad, many wives, kids

Question 13

Child Culture

Answer 13

The particular habits, styles, and values that reflect the set of rules and rituals that characterize children as distinct from adult society

Question 14

Aggressive-Rejected

Answer 14

Rejected by peers because of antagonistic, confrontational behavior

Question 15

Withdrawn-Rejected

Answer 15

Rejected by peers because of timid, withdrawn, and anxious behavior

Question 16

Bullying

Answer 16

Repeated, systematic efforts to inflict harm through physical, verbal, or social attacks on a weaker person

Question 17

Bully-Victim

Answer 17

Someone who attacks other and is attacked as well

- AKA provocative victim

Question 18

Preconventional Moral Thinking

Answer 18

Kohlberg’s 1st level of moral reasoning, emphasizing rewards and punishments

Question 19

Conventional Moral Thinking

Answer 19

Kohlberg’s 2nd level of moral reasoning, emphasizing social rules

Question 20

Postconventional Moral Reasoning

Answer 20

Kohlberg’s 3rd level of moral reasoning, emphasizing moral principles