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Biology > Chapter 8-Metabolism > Flashcards

Chapter 8-Metabolism Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Form of thermal energy. It’s the kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules

A

Heat

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1
Q

Energy matter possesses because of its location or structure ex water being behind a dam

A

Potential energy

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2
Q

Energy is potential energy available for release in a chemical reactions

A

Chemical energy

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3
Q

Study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter

A

Thermodynamics

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4
Q

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be transferred or transformed but cannot be?

A

Created or destroyed

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5
Q

The second law of thermodynamics states that due to loss of useable energy during energy transfer things in the universe tend to go toward?

A

Entropy..which is randomness or disorder

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6
Q

Reaction proceeds with a NET RELEASE OF ENERGY. Occur spontaneously

Negative delta G- already giving off energy

A

Exergonic reaction

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7
Q

Reaction is one that ABSORBS FREE ENERGY. Occurs nonspontaneous. Energy is required to drive the reaction

A

Endergonic reaction

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8
Q

Cell does 3 main kinds of work

A

Chemical, transport, & mechanical

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9
Q

Pushing reactions which would not occur spontaneously (synthesis of polymers from monomers)

A

Chemical work

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10
Q

Pumping of substances across membranes against the direction of spontaneous movement

A

Transport work

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11
Q

Ex. The beating of cilia or the contraction of muscle cell

A

Mechanical work

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12
Q

Use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one

A

Energy coupling

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13
Q

ATP is ____and contains____ sugar, the nitrogenous base _____ and a chain of 3______groups bonded to it

A

Adenosine triphopate, ribose, adenine, phosphate

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14
Q

ATP is

A

Adenosine triphospate

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15
Q

Sugar in ATP

A

Ribose

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16
Q

ATP’s nitrogenous bases

A

Adenine

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17
Q

ATP contains a chain of 3____groups bonded to it

A

Phosphate

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18
Q

Bonded between phosphate groups of ATP can be ___by adding water. Energy is released when this happens

A

Hydrolysis

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19
Q

When two reactions can be coupled so that overall, the coupled reactions are exergonic.

A

Coupling

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20
Q

In coupling the phosphate group is said to be

A

Phosphorylated

21
Q

The shutting of inorganic phosphate and energy

A

ATP cycle

22
Q

Macromolecules (proteins) that act as a catalyst

A

Enzymes

23
Q

Chemical agent that speeds up reactions without being consumed by the reaction itself

A

Catalyst

24
Q

Initial investment of energy for starting a reaction.

A

Activation energy

25
Q

Enzyme catalyzes a reaction by lowering the ___,enabling the reactant molecules to absorb enough energy to reach transition state even at modern temperature. Do not change delta G

A

Activation energy

26
Q

Cannot make reaction occur that wouldn’t normally occur. They just speed those that would occur anyway

A

Enzymes

27
Q

The reactant an enzyme acts on

A

Substrate

28
Q

Restricted region of an enzyme molecule where the enzyme molecule actually binds to substrate

A

Active site

29
Q

How does temperature affect enzyme activity

A

increased temp will increase enzyme activity up till boiling point then it is denatured

30
Q

How does pH affect enzyme activity

A

each enzyme has optimal pH level

31
Q

Nonprotein helpers many enzymes requires for catalystic activity

A

cofactors

32
Q

organic cofactors

A

coenzyme

33
Q

two types of inhibitors are?

A

Competitive and noncompetitive

34
Q

Mimic the substrate and reduces productivuty of enzymes by blocking substrates from entering the active sites

A

Competitive inhibitors

35
Q

Impede enzymatic reactions by binding to another part of the enzyme. The causes the enzymes molecule to change shape in such ways that the active site becomes less affective

A

Noncompetitive inhibitors

36
Q

Buils molecules as in protein synthesis

A

Anabolic reactions

37
Q

catabolic reactions

A

has a negative delta G

38
Q

Glucose+Oxygen to give Carbon Dioxide+water+eneergy

A

Catablic reactions and celluar respiration

39
Q

transfering of teminal phosphate of ATP to some other molecule is

A

Phosphorylation

40
Q

Results in the release of energy

A

ATP+Water

41
Q

Enzymes end in

A

“ase”

42
Q

Enzymes are

A

large protien molecules

43
Q

Enzymes reduce energy of activation that would be necessary for

A

Chemical reactions to take place

44
Q

Enzyme and Substrates for

A

Enzyme Substrate complex

45
Q

T or F: Enymes are reuseable

A

True

46
Q

Metabolism which is breaking down

Protein to amino acid

A

Catabolic

47
Q

Metabolism that is building up

Amino acid to protein

A

Anabolic

48
Q

Exergonic reaction does what

A

Releases energy

49
Q

An endergonic reaction does what

A

Requires energy

50
Q

catabolic metabolism is

A

Exergonic-releasing energy

51
Q

anabolic metabolism is

A

Endergonic-requiring energy

Biology (6 decks)

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