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Psychology > Chapter 8: Memory > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

Short term memory

A

according to the multi store model of memory, the short term emory is a store which receives information from the long-term and sensory stores; it has limited capacity of 7 +- 2 pieces of information and a duration of approximately 12-20 seconds

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2
Q

Semantic memory

A

long term storage of facts that are not characterised buy any particular persona context in which the individual acquired the facts.
It is general knowledge

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3
Q

Semantic network theory

A

te idea that items in long term memory are stored in a hierarchical pattern of nodes (concepts) with links between rated nodes

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4
Q

Encoding

A

the process of putting information into a for which will allow it to fit in with your personal storage system

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5
Q

Storage

A

maintaining encoded information in a memory store

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6
Q

Retrieval

A

the process of getting information back form long-term memory to be used in working memory

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7
Q

Multi store model of memory

A

describes the the three stores of memory: sensory memory, short term memory and long term memory and how they interact with each other

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8
Q

Sensory memory

A

according to the the multi store model of memory the sensory memory if the store for incoming, fleeting sensory information

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9
Q

Functions of sensory memory

A
  • determines the importance of sensory memory coming in and if it should be transferred to the short term memory
  • acts like a filter for incoming info for if it is relevant to what we are thinking
  • its rapid dece allows the perception of the work to be ongoing and smooth, enable us to register info whilst needed
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10
Q

Iconic memory

A

a sensory register for the fleeting storage of visual information. lasting 0.3 seconds. explaining why we can see a moving picture from a series of still pictures

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11
Q

Echoic memory

A

auditory memory in the sensory memory register

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12
Q

Duration

A

amount of time that information remains in either sensory, short term, or long term memory

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13
Q

Capacity

A

amount of information which is stored in either sensory, short term and long term memory

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14
Q

Chunking

A

the process of grouping items together to improve memory capacity - especially short term memory, and of committing to long term memory

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15
Q

Chunking and capacity

A

chunking increases the capacity of the short term memory, the amount of information that can be stored

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16
Q

Maintenance rehearsal

A

a strategy for keeping information in short term memory or for moving it into the long term memory by simply repeating information over and over, but not trying to form meaningful connections between the new information and other information which is already in memory

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17
Q

Interference

A

assuming conclusions fro the information provided in the data used to investigate a psychological (hypothetical) construct

18
Q

Elaborate rehearsal

A

a process by which we give meaning to information and link it to other information in our memories

19
Q

Mnemonic devices

A

a form of elaborate rehearsal where the information is connected to material already in your long term memory. this can include visualisation, verbalisation and rhythm and rhyme

20
Q

The serial position effect

A

in immediate free recall, items at the beginning or the end of a list are remembered better than those in the middle. the SPE comprises the primacy effect and the recency effect

21
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

inability to encode and store new memories

22
Q

Procedural memories

A

one aspect of implicit memory. Memory for how to perform particular tasks, skills or actions

23
Q

Declarative memories

A

a long term memory store of personal experiences (episodic) and facts (semantic)

24
Q

Explicit memories

A

memories of facts, names, images and events; also called declarative memories

25
Q

Working memory

A

the mental work that is occurring at any one time, including retrieving information, problem-solving, and comprehending sounds and visions. Working memory draws on information from your sensory memory and long-term memory

26
Q

Phonological loop

A

a storage system for auditory information in working memory

27
Q

Visuo-spatial sketch pad

A

the storage system for visual information in working memory

28
Q

Central executive

A

the functional component of working memory that is responsible for switching attention from task to task, deciding what materials is to be retrieved from, or committed to long-term memory and for performing calculations and making linkages

29
Q

Episodic buffer

A

the theatrical component of working memory that acts as both a bridge and a filter (for auditory and visual information) between long-term memory and the central executive and storage components in working memory

30
Q

Working memory and multi-tasking

A

Blue

31
Q

Working memory and intelligence

A

Jing

32
Q

Long term memory

A

the information is encoded and stored, and as long as enough is known about the information then it can be retrieved

33
Q

what is the capacity of short term memory

A

7+- 2 pieces of information

34
Q

what is the duration of short term memory

A

12-20 seconds

35
Q

Semantic processing

A

using the meaning of information of a word in order to encode it into memory

36
Q

retrieval cues

A

mental reminders or prompts that we create to assist our recollection later on

37
Q

retrieval failure theory

A

inability to retrieve materail due to an absence of the right cues or a failure to use them

38
Q

primacy effect

A

the tendency for superior recall of words that occur at the start and the end of a list

39
Q

recency effect

A

the tendency for superior recall of words that occur at the end of a list due to the still being in the short term memory

40
Q

free recall

A

recalling as much information as possible in any order without cues

41
Q

Levels-of-processing (Craik and Lockhart)

A

a model of memory storage which suggests that memory does not comprise any specific number of separate memory stores but instead comprises a continuous dimension in which memory is encoded.
It is related to ease with which it can be retrieved: the deeper the processing of information, the greater the chance it being retrieved

Psychology (14 decks)

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