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Psychology > Chapter 6- interaction between cognitive processes of the Brain and its Structure > Flashcards

Chapter 6- interaction between cognitive processes of the Brain and its Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Midbrain

A

Connects the hindbrain with the forebrain and controls arousal levels, attention and consciousness; essentially comprises the reticular activating system (RAS)

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2
Q

Forebrain

A

Part of the brain responsible for higher order thinking processes, includes cerebral hemispheres

  • problem-solving
  • planning
  • memory
  • language
  • emotions
  • body movement
  • upper level structures
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3
Q

Spinal cord

A

The bundle of nerve fibres connecting the brain with the peripheral nervous system.

  • relays info between brain and body
  • some simple reflexes
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4
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Structure in the forebrain that plays a major role in controlling emotion and motivated behaviours.

  • Regulates emotions and ‘instinctive’ drives
  • eating, sexual activities
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5
Q

Brain stem

A
  • connects brain to the spinal cord

- Regulates reflex survival responses

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6
Q

Pons

A
  • Responsible for sleep and arousal

- controls movement, breathing, sleeping, dreams and waking

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7
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • perception and cognition, balance and fine muscle control
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8
Q

Medula

A
  • Heartbeat, breathing and other vital bodily functions
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9
Q

Cerebral cortex

A
  • outer layer of brain

- higher mental processes and complex behaviours

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10
Q

Corpus callosum

A
  • thick band of 200 million nerve fibres
  • connects left and right hemispheres of cerebral cortex
  • enables communication, so information to pass through hemispheres
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11
Q

Limbic system

A
  • hippocampus

- amygdala

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12
Q

Hippocampus

A
  • in medial temporal lobe
  • finger sized curved structure
  • long-term memory and spatial orientation
  • transfer memories to other parts of the brain for storage
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13
Q

Amygdala

A
  • in medial temporal lobe
  • almond shaped structure
  • responsible for aggression and fear
  • emotional memory
  • implicit learning
  • initiating and processing emotional responses and forming emotional memories
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14
Q

Hindbrain

A

The primitive parts of the brain, comprising the cerebellum, pons and medulla, adjoining to the spinal cord.
- important for movement and balance

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15
Q

Central Nervous System

A
  • brain and spinal cord
  • brain is able to communicate to rest of the body with the spinal cord
  • conveys messages between brain and peripheral NS
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16
Q

Peripheral NS

A
  • communication from body’s organs, glands and muscles to the CNS
  • including info from outside world (sensory neurons) and from inside world (pains)
  • communication from CNS to body’s organs, glands and muscles via motor neurons
  • two sub divisions Somatic NS and Aotonomic NS
17
Q

Motor neurons (nerves)

A
  • neurons that communicate messages from CNS to particular muscles that organism intents to move
  • also known as efferent neurons
  • in Somatic NS
18
Q

Sensory Neurons (nerves)

A
  • a neuron that carries info from body and outside world into CNS
  • in Somatic NS
19
Q

Somatic NS

A
  • responsible for voluntary movement of Skeletal muscles.
  • motor neurons communicate from CNS to muscles intended to move
  • interaction with environment
20
Q

Autonomic NS

A
  • responsible for communication of info between CNS and body’s non skeletal muscles
  • and interaction with internal organs and glands
  • operates without voluntary control or conscious awareness
21
Q

Fight, flight or freeze response

A
  • sympathetic NS emergency system
  • active when organism perceives danger or in time of stress
  • readies body for action eg running away, fighting the threat or remaining
22
Q

Homeostasis

A
  • Normal bodily functions
  • relatively calm
  • parasympathetic NS maintains body’s metabolic balance durning times of low arousal and no threat
23
Q

Parasympathetic NS

A
  • branch of Autonomic NS
  • responsible for maintaining day to day functioning
  • responsible for most automatic functions of the body
  • digestion, heart rate, breathing etc
  • homeostasis
24
Q

Sympathetic NS

A
  • branch of autonomic NS

- activates flight, fight or freeze response

25
Q

Sympathetic NS actions

A

Edit

26
Q

Temporal lobe

A
  • mainly responsible for processing auditory info (sensations received from ears)
  • Primary auditory cortex in upper part of temporal lobe
  • performs complex auditory analysis for understanding sound
  • if electronically stimulated will report hearing sounds even if not there
  • directly connected to the hippocampus - vital for encoding info into long term memory
27
Q

Frontal lobe

A
  • largest
  • initiating movement
  • language
  • planning
  • judgement
  • problem solving
  • aspects of personality and emotions
  • left frontal lobe (Broca’s area) responsible for production of speech
  • much of frontal lobe is association area
  • this part is responsible for cognitive processes eg. Attention, planning, problem solving, aspects of personality
  • includes the primary motor cortex in both hemispheres
28
Q

Parietal lobe

A
  • enables a person to perceive their own body and where things are located in their environment
  • location of the primary somatosensory cortex
  • right hemisphere enables person to perceive three-dimensional shapes and designs
  • left hemisphere has a role in reading, writing and performing mental arithmetic
29
Q

Occipital lobe

A
  • entirely concerned with vision
  • ## info from the left of each retina is processed in the left occipital lobe, also true for right
30
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

Deep grove running from front to rear of cortex

31
Q

Primary visual cortex

A
  • in occipital lobes

- processes info from the eye

32
Q

Primary auditory contex

A
  • in upper part of temporal lobes

- receives sound from ears

33
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

A
  • in front of each parietal lobe
  • processes sensations
  • touch, pressure, pain from body , temp
34
Q

Primary motor cortex

A
  • rear of each frontal lobe
  • next to the central fissure
  • apart of the frontal lobe responsible for movement of skeletal muscles of the body
  • left primary motor correct responsible for the right hand side movement.
35
Q

Wernicke’s area

A
  • in left temporal lobe
  • responsible for language reception
  • and interpretation and creation of grammatically correct speech
36
Q

Broca’s area

A
  • speech production center of the brain

- in left front lobe

37
Q

Hemispheric specialisation

A
  • Functions are contralateralised, some lateralised

- hemisphere able to communicate and work together

38
Q

Association areas

A

Involved in the integration of the information between motor and sensory areas and higher-order mental processes

39
Q

Gyri

A

The bulges on the brain containing enormous no. of neurons and blood vessels

Psychology (14 decks)

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