Chapter 8: Memory Flashcards
Our brain’s ability to store, retain, & recall info & experiences
Memory
Storage of brief sensory events such as sights, sounds, & tastes.
Sensory memory
Memory that is only stored for a few seconds
Sensory memory
Memory that is only processed for 200-500 milliseconds
Sensory memory
A temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory memory
Short-term memory
Memory that lasts about 20-30 seconds
Short-term memory
Who discovered short-term memory?
George Miller
Transfer of STM to long-term
Memory consolidation
The conscious repitition of info to be remembered
Rehearsal
Memory that has not limit, it is the continuous storage of info
Long-term memory
Memory of facts & events that we can consciously remember
Explicit memory
Memories that not part our consciousness
Implicit memory
Info about events we have personally experienced
Episodic memory
Knowledge about words, concepts, and language
Semantic memory
Stores in about how to do things
Procedural memory
A record of an atypical event that has strong emotional associations
Emotional/flashbulb memory
Voluntary or unconscious suppression of memories that make us feel uncomfortable, or are too traumatic to deal with
Motivated Forgetting
The loss of long-term memory due to disease, physical trauma, or psychological trauma
Amnesia
The input of info in the memory system
Encoding
The retention/storage of the encoded info
Storage
Pulling info our of our memory & back into awareness
Retrieval
Encoding details such as time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words
Automatic processing
Encoding of details that take effort
Effortful
Encoding words & their meaning
Semantic encoding
Encoding images
Visual encoding
Encoding sounds
Acoustic encoding
The tendency to an individual to have better memory for info that relates to oneself vs. material that has less personal relevance
Self-reference effect
What are the 3 behaviors of memory functioning?
Recall, recognition, relearning
You retrieve info previously learned & unconsciously stored
Recall
You identify which stimuli match your stored info
Recognition
A measure of how much less work it takes to learn info previously studied
Relearning
What is an encoding failure?
When the memory is never stored in our memory in the first place
Interference:
An old memory is getting in the way of forming a new one
Proactive interference
Interference:
A new memory is getting in the way of recalling an old one
Retroactive interference
What are ways to enhance your memory?
Rehearsal, chunking, (breaking down info into bite-sized pieces), elaborative rehearsal (relating new info w/ previous knowledge in your memory, mnemonic devices
Inability to remember new info after the point of trauma
Anterograde
The loss of memory (either partial or complete) for events prior to the trauma
Retrograde amnesia
Forgetting where the story came from, and attributing the source to your own experience
Source amnesia
