Chapter 8 - Lower Extremity

Question 1

Anterior vs. Posterior glide of the femur (w/ what else)

Answer 1

Anterior = w/ ER of hip
Posterior = w/ IR of hip

Question 2

Hip restricted to IR - muscle spasms (2)

Answer 2

Piriformis spasm

Iliopsoas spasm

Question 3

Hip restricted to ER - muscle spasms (5)

Answer 3

Spasm of gluteus minimus, hamstrings, TFL, adductor magnus, adductor longus

Question 4

Which collateral ligament articulates with a meniscus?

Answer 4

MCL – w/ medial meniscus

Question 5

Fibular head motion w/ foot motion

Same or opposite as hand/radial head?

Answer 5

Dorsiflexion (pronation) = ANTERIOR glide
Plantarflexion (supination) = POSTERIOR glide

SAME

Question 6

Pronation of ankle

Answer 6

Dorsiflexion, Abduction, Eversion (DEAP)

Question 7

Supination of ankle

Answer 7

Plantarflexion, Adduction, Inversion (PAIS)

Question 8

Innervation of…

• Pectineus
• Long head of biceps femoris
• Short head of biceps femoris

Answer 8

Femoral

Tibial

Fibular

Question 9

Sensory of femoral n

Answer 9

Anterior thigh, medial leg

Question 10

Angulation of head of femur - define

Normal?

Abnormal terms?

Answer 10

Angle between lines along femoral head and femoral shaft

Normal = 120-135 degrees

Under 120 = coxa vara (thigh points in medially)
Over 135 = coxa valga (thigh points out laterally)

Question 11

Q angle - define

Normal?

Abnormal terms?

Answer 11

Angle between femur and tibia

Normal = 10-12 degrees

Under 10 degrees = Genu varum (tibia points inward)
Over 12 degrees = Genu valgum (tibia points outward)

Question 12

Posterior fibular head – talus dysfunction?

Anterior fibular head – talus dysfunction?

Answer 12

Internally rotated ( = plantarflexion)

Externally rotated ( = dorsiflexion)

Question 13

Common fibular nerve is disrupted by a ___ dysfunction of the fibular head

Answer 13

POSTERIOR (plantarflexion)

Question 14

Larger Q angle…affect on patella?

Why?

Name of this?

Often in who? Why?

Treatment?

Answer 14

Pulled laterally –> accelerated wearing of posterior surface

Stronger vastus lateralis than vastus medialis

Patello-femoral syndrome

WOMEN - WIDER PELVIS –> LARGER Q ANGLE

Strengthen vastus medialis muscle

Question 15

Ligament sprains in the knee - 3 degrees

Answer 15

1st degree = no tear
2nd degree = partial tear
3rd degree = full tear (surgery required)

Question 16

MC affected compartment in compartment syndrome

Treatment?

Answer 16

Anterior

Ice, MFR – to increased venous and lymph return
SURGERY if no improvement

Question 17

Terrible triad (O’Donahue’s triad)

Answer 17

ACL, MCL, Medial meniscus

Question 18

Is the ankle more stable in dorsiflexion or plantarflexion?

Why?

Answer 18

Dorsiflexion

The talus is wider anteriorly

Question 19

IR and ER of leg while fixed - what joint?

Answer 19

Talocalcaneal (subtalar)

Question 20

Medial arch of the foot - bones
Lateral arch of the foot - bones
Transverse arch of the foot - bones

Answer 20

Talus, navicular, cuneiforms, 1-3 metatarsals
Calcaneus, cuboid, 4-5 metatarsals
Navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid

Question 21

3 MC transverse arch SD’s

Answer 21

1. Cuboid medial glide/rotation
2. Navicular lateral glide/rotation
3. 2nd cuneiform inferior/plantar glide

Question 22

Lateral ankle ligaments (anterior to posterior)

Answer 22

ATF
Calcaneofibular
PTF

Question 23

3 types of lateral ligament tears

Answer 23

Type 1 = ATF
Type 2 = ATF and CF
Type 3 = ATF, CF, and PTF

Question 24

Medial ankle ligament

Answer 24

Deltoid ligament

Question 25

2 plantar ligaments of foot

Answer 25

Spring ligament (calceneonavicular) - medial arch
Plantar aponeurosis (fascia) - calcaneus to phalanges

Question 26

Plantar fasciitis - result? (chronic)

Answer 26

Calcification along stress –> heel spur

Question 27

What ligament prevents hyperextension of the knee?

Answer 27

ACL