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Boards OMM > Chapter 7 - Upper Extremity > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Rotator cuff muscles (w/ function)

A

Supraspinatus (abduction)
Infraspinatus (ER)
Teres minor (ER)
Subscapularis (IR)

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2
Q

Primary flexor of arm
Primary abductor of arm
Primary extensors of arm (3)
Primary adductors of arm (2)

A

Deltoid (anterior)
Deltoid (middle)
Latissimus, Teres major, Deltoid (posterior)
Pec major, Latissimus

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3
Q

Subclavian artery vs. vein - anatomy in neck

A 
Artery = between anterior and middle scalene
Vein = anterior to anterior scalene
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4
Q

When does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

When does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

A

Lateral border of 1st rib

Inferior border of teres minor

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5
Q

What artery runs with the radial nerve in the radial groove?

A

Profunda brachii artery

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6
Q

Where does the brachial artery bifurcate into the radial and ulnar?

A

Bicipital aponeurosis (under it)

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7
Q

Deep palmar arch - via what artery?

Superficial palmar arch - via what artery?

A

Radial artery

Ulnar artery

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8
Q

Order of treatments to relieve lymph in UE (3)

A
  1. Thoracic inlet
  2. Re-dome diaphragm
  3. Posterior axillary fold technique
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9
Q

Abduction of the arm - what joints contribute?

A 
2/3 = glenohumeral (2 of every 3 degrees)
1/3 = scapulothoracic (1 of every 3 degrees)
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10
Q

MC shoulder dysfunction

A

Restriction to IR and ER

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11
Q

IR and ER of the shoulder…clavicle movement?

A

Rotation around a transverse axis

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12
Q

MC SC joint dysfunction

Restrictions?

A

Anterior and superior clavicle on the sternum

- Restricted to shoulder elevation and protraction

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13
Q

MC AC joint dysfunction
Restrictions?
Findings?

A

Superior and lateral clavicle on acromion

  • Inferior glide at the AC joint
  • Step-off at AC joint, tenderness at AC joint
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14
Q

3 places for thoracic outlet syndrome

A
  1. Between anterior and middle scalenes
  2. Between clavicle and first rib
  3. Between the pec minor and upper ribs
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15
Q

Positive Adson’s test = ?
Positive Military posture test = ?
Positive Hyperextension test = ?

A

Between scalenes
Between clavicle and rib 1
Under pec minor

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16
Q

Pain at acromion, exaggerated by abduction (60-120)

What is this painful range called?

Cause?

Danger?

A

Supraspinatus tendonitis

“Painful arc”

Impingement of greater tuberosity on acromion w/ arm flexion and internal rotation

Calcification of tendon (chronic)

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17
Q

Acute supraspinatus tendonitis - treatment

Severe cases?

OMT? Goal?

A

Rest, ice, NSAIDs

Sling, steroid injection

Shoulder complex, upper thoracics, ribs – free up motion and loosen fascia of shoulder girdle to EXPEDITE HEALING PROCESS

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18
Q

Bicipital tenosynovitis - tendon?

Result?

Pain?

Aggravation?

Treatments?

A

Long head of biceps

Adhesions or subluxation

Anterior aspect of humerus at bicipital groove

Resisted flexion and/or supination

Rest, Ice, injection, OMT to glenohumoral, MFR

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19
Q

Tenderness just below tip of acromion
Sharp pain followed by dull ache for days
Weak abduction

Positive tests?
Common sign?
Pain especially when?

A

Rotator cuff (esp. supraspinatus) tear

Positive drop-arm test, empty can test

Atrophy is common

Pain especially at night

20
Q

Pain and restriction of shoulder, gets worse over a year
Decreased ROM, especially ABD, IR, and ER
Pain at end of ROM

Cause?
Pain location?
Treatment?

A

Adhesive capsulitis (Frozen shoulder syndrome)

Prolonged immobility of shoulder

Anterior portion of shoulder

PREVENTION, Spencer techniques, GH and thoracic Tx’s

21
Q

MC location of shoulder dislocation

Injury risk?

A

Anterior and inferior

Axillary nerve

22
Q

Winging of scapula - issue?

A

Long thoracic nerve

23
Q

MC brachial plexus injury during childbirth

A

Erb-Duchenne palsy (C5-C6)

24
Q

MC nerve injury in UE via direct trauma

2 causes?

A

Radial n

  1. Crutch palsy (axilla)
  2. Middle humerus fracture
25
Q

Carpal bones

A

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform

Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium

26
Q

Only wrist flexor NOT innervated by median nerve

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar nerve)

27
Q

Supination (2 mm) - nerve?

Pronation (2 mm) - nerve?

A

Radial n.

Median n.

28
Q

Only thenar eminence muscle NOT innervated by median nerve

A

Adductor pollicis (ulnar nerve)

29
Q

PIP flexion - muscle?

DIP flexion - muscle?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Flexor digitorum profundus

30
Q

Carrying angle - how to measure?

Normal values?

A

Line along Humerus
Line along Radius/Ulna

Men = 5 degrees
Women = 10-12 degrees
31
Q

Carrying angle > 15 degrees

Carrying angle under 3 degrees

A

Cubitus valgus (abduction SD of ulna)

Cubitus varus (adduction SD of ulna)

32
Q

Increased carrying angle = ___ of the wrist

Decreased carrying angle = ___ of the wrist

A

Adduction

Abduction

33
Q

Abduction dysfunction of ulna –> issue w/ radial head?

A

Compression against lateral humeral condyle

34
Q

Adduction dysfunction of ulna –> issue w/ radial head?

A

Distraction from lateral humeral condyle

35
Q

Falling forward on pronated forearm –> ___ radial head

Restrictions? (2)

A

Posterior

Supination of forearm
Anterior glide of radial head

36
Q

Falling backward on supinated forearm –> ___ radial head

Restrictions? (2)

A

Anterior

Pronation of forearm
Posterior glide of radial head

37
Q

Gold standard for diagnosis of carpal tunnel

A

Nerve conduction/electromyography

38
Q

OMT for carpal tunnel (3) (w/ goals)

A
  1. Rib and upper thoracic (decrease SNS in UE)
  2. Cervical and MFR (increase brachial plexus fxn)
  3. Direct release to flexor retinaculum (increase space)
39
Q

OMT for lateral or medial epicondylitis (3) (w/ goals)

A
  1. Cervical or upper thoracics (SNS, brachial plexus)
  2. Counterstrain to muscles (relaxation)
  3. MFR (decreased restrictions)
40
Q

Flexion of MCP and DIP
Extension of PIP

Cause?

A

Swan-neck deformity

RA - contracture of intrinsic hand muscles

41
Q

Extension of MCP and DIP
Flexion of PIP

Cause?

A

Boutonniere deformity

RA - rupture of hood of tendon at PIP

42
Q

Extension of MCP
Flexion of PIP and DIP

Cause?

A

Claw hand

Median and ulnar nerve injury

43
Q

Extension of MCP
Flexion of PIP and DIP
Atrophy of thenar eminence
Adduction of thumb

Cause?

A

Ape hand

Median nerve damage

44
Q

Contracture of fingers 4-5
Atrophy of hypothenar eminence

Cause?

A

Bishops deformity (Pope’s blessing)

Ulnar nerve damage

45
Q

Permanent contracture of MCP and PIP of fingers 4-5

Cause?

A

Dupuytren’s contracture

Contracture of palmar fascia

Boards OMM (18 decks)

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