Chapter 8 - Joints

Question 0

Name the two functions of joints

Answer 0

Give skeleton mobility Hold skeleton together

Question 1

What is an articulation?

Answer 1

Site where two or more bones meet

Question 2

What is an immovable joint called

Answer 2

Synarthroses joint

Question 3

What is a slightly moveable joint called

Answer 3

Amphiarthroses joint

Question 4

What is a freely moveable joint called

Answer 4

Diarthroses joint

Question 5

Name the three structural classifications

Answer 5

Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial

Question 6

Bones joined by dense fibrous connective tissue

Answer 6

Fibrous joint

Question 7

Has no joint cavity and mostly synarthrotic

Answer 7

Fibrous joint

Question 8

Three types of fibrous joints

Answer 8

Sutures (synostoses) Syndemoses Gomphoses

Question 9

What does MCL stand for

Answer 9

Tibial (medial) collateral ligaments

Question 10

What’s does LCL stand for

Answer 10

Fibular (lateral) collateral ligaments

Question 11

What does ACL stand for

Answer 11

Anterior cruciate ligaments

Question 13

What does PCL stand for

Answer 13

Posterior cruciate ligaments

Question 14

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 14

Synchondroses (synarthrotic) Symphyses (Amphiarthrotic)

Question 15

What are Synovial joints?

Answer 15

Synovial joints are all diarthrotic and include all limb joints; most joints of the body

Question 16

What are distinguishing features of the synovial joints?

Answer 16

Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) Joint Cavity (small potential space) Articular capsule Synovial fluid Three possible types of reinforcing ligaments Rich nerve and blood vessel supply

Question 17

What are the three possible types of reinforcing ligaments for the synovial joint?

Answer 17

Capsular - part of the fibrous capsule Extracapsular - outside the capsule Intracapsular - deep to capsule; covered by synovial membrane

Question 18

What is Bursae?

Answer 18

Bursae is a synovial joint friction-reducing structure.

• Flattened, fibrous sacs lines with synovial membranes
• Contain synovial fluid
• Common act as “ball-bearings” where ligaments, muscles, skin tendons, or bones rub together

Question 19

What movements are of the synovial joints?

Answer 19

1. Gliding
2. Angular movements
3. Rotation
4. Special movements

• Supination, pronation
• Dorsiflexion, plantar flexion of the foot
• Inversion, eversion
• protraction, retraction
• elevation, depression, opposition

Question 20

What are gliding movements?

Answer 20

Gliding movements are one flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface

Examples: Intercarpal joints, Intertarsal joints, Between articular processes of vertebrae

Question 21

What are the Angular movements?

Answer 21

• Flexion
• Extension
• Hyperextension
• Abduction
• Adduction
• Circumduction

Question 22

What is Flexion?

Answer 22

Flexion decreases the angle of the joint

Question 23

What is Extension?

Answer 23

Extension increases the angle of the joint

Question 24

What is Hyperextension?

Answer 24

Hyperextension is excessive extenstion beyond normal range of motion

Question 25

What is Abduction?

Answer 25

_Abduction_ is the movement away from the midline

Question 26

What is adduction?

Answer 26

_Adduction_ is the movement toward the midline

Question 27

What is circumduction?

Answer 27

_Circumduction_ is flexion + abduction + extension + adduction of a limb so as to describe a cone in space

Question 28

What is Rotation?

Answer 28

_Rotation_ is the turning of a bone around is own axis

Question 29

What is Medial Rotation?

Answer 29

_Medial Rotation_ is rotation toward midline

Question 30

What is Lateral Rotation?

Answer 30

_Lateral Rotation_ is rotation away from midline

Question 31

What are the special movements of the radius around ulna?

Answer 31

* Supination - radius laterally rotates over ulna (turning hand forward) * Pronation - radius medially rotates over ulna (turning hand backward)

Question 32

What are the special movements of the foot?

Answer 32

* Dorsiflexion (upward movement) * Plantar flexion (downward movement) * Inversion (turn sole medially) * Eversion (turn sole laterally)

Question 33

What are some other special movements?

Answer 33

* Protraction (anterior movement) * retraction (posterior movement) * Elevation (lifting a body part superiorly) * Depression (moving a body part inferiorly)

Question 35

What are the classification of synovial joints?

Answer 35

* Plane - Intercarpal * Hinge - elbow, knee, angkle, interphalangeal * Pivot - atlanto-axial proximal radioulnar * Condyloid - Metacarpophalangeal joints (2-5) * Saddle - thumb * Ball and socket - shoulder, hip

Question 36

What is th largest, most complex joint of the body?

Answer 36

The knee joint

Question 37

What are the joints surrounded by a single joint cavity?

Answer 37

* Femoropatellar joint * Lateral and medial tibiofemoral joints between the femoral condyles * the C-shaped lateral and medial menisci of the tibia

Question 38

What is the Shoulder (Glenohumeral) joint?

Answer 38

* Ball and socket joint: head of humerus and glenoid fossa of the scapula * Stability is sacrificed for greater freedom of movement

Question 39

What are the reinforcing ligaments of the Shoulder joint?

Answer 39

* Coracohumeral ligament * three glenohumeral ligaments * Coracoacromial * Coraoclavicular * Acromioclavicular * Transverse humeral

Question 40

What are the reinforcing muscle tendons of the shoulder joint?

Answer 40

* Tendon of the long head of biceps * travels through the intertubercular groove * Secures the humerus to the glenoid cavity * four rotator cuff tendons encircle the shoulder joint * Subscapularis * Supraspinatus * Infraspinatus * Teres minor

Question 41

What are the bursae of the shoulder joint?

Answer 41

* Subscapular * Subdeltoid * Subacromial * Subcoracoid