Chapter 1 - The Human Body Flashcards
Method of anatomical study
Gross
Microscopic
Developmental
Define “Anatomy”
Greek word: “to cut apart”
Anatomical study that involves seeing with the naked eye
Gross
Anatomical study that involves seeing with a microscope
Microscopic
Anatomical study that involves an organism developing
Developmental
Name the levels of structural organization
- Chemical
- Cells
- Tissues
- Organs
- Organ systems
- Organism
Forms outer layer: skin, hair, nails
Protects underlying tissue
Integumentary system
Supports and protects organs, while giving the organism framework and movement
Skeletal system
Manipulation of locomotion and facial expressions; produces heat
Muscular system
Contains brain, nerves, sensory receptor, and spinal cord
Nervous system
Secretes hormones that regulate growth, reproduction, and nutrient use
Endocrine system
Heart and blood vessels
Cardiovascular system
Mounts attacks against foreign bodies
Lymphatic/immune system
Supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
Respiratory system
Breaks down food into components of the body
Digestive system
Eliminates nitrogenous waste from the body
Urinary system
Organs for make and female hormones and reproduction
Reproductive system
The gall bladder is in the…
Digestive system
Toward head
Superior
Toward feet
Inferior
Farthest from trunk
Distal
Closest to trunk
Proximal
Posterior (back)
Dorsal
Anterior (front)
Ventral
Toward midline
Medial
Away from midline
Lateral
In between
Intermediate
Toward the surface
Superficial
Away from surface
Deep
Face up
Supine
Face down
Prone
The trachea is ________ to the esophagus
Superficial
Divides body vertically into right and left halves
Sagittal (median)
Equal right and left sections
Midsaggital
Unequal left and right sections
Parasaggital
Front and back sections
Coronal
Top and bottom sections
Transverse
At angle to transverse and sagittal or frontal planes
Oblique
Cavity that protects the nervous system
Dorsal cavity
Cavity that encases the brain
Cranial cavity
Cavity that encases the spinal cord
Vertebral cavity
Two subdivisions of the dorsal cavity
Cranial and vertebral cavities
Cavity that houses the internal organs
Ventral cavity
Two subdivisions of the ventral cavity
Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Cavity that houses the lungs (2)
Pleural cavities
Cavity that encloses heart
Pericardial cavity
Contains pericardial cavity and surrounds thoracic organs
Mediastinum
Cavity that contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver
Abdominal cavity
Cavity that contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
Pelvic cavity
Define:
Serous membrane
Thin, double-layered membrane separated by serous fluid
Name the four abdominopelvic quadrants
Right upper
Right lower
Left upper
Left lower
Name the abdominopelvic regions
Right hypochondriac Epigastric Left hypochondriac Right lumbar Umbilical Left lumbar Right iliac Hypogastric Left iliac
