Chapter 8 joints Flashcards
What are the three main types of joints based on structural classification?
Fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints.
How are joints classified functionally?
Based on the amount of movement allowed: synarthroses (immovable), amphiarthroses (slightly movable), and diarthroses (freely movable).
What is a suture, and where is it found?
A suture is a type of fibrous joint where bones are tightly interlocked and found between the bones of the skull.
What is the main difference between synchondroses and symphyses?
Synchondroses are cartilaginous joints where bones are joined by hyaline cartilage and are typically immovable, while symphyses are joints where bones are joined by fibrocartilage, allowing limited movement.
What are the key features of a synovial joint?
Articular cartilage, joint (synovial) cavity, articular capsule, synovial fluid, ligaments, and sometimes bursae and tendon sheaths.
Name the six types of synovial joints and provide one example for each.
- Plane Joint: Intercarpal joints of the wrist.
- Hinge Joint: Elbow joint.
- Pivot Joint: Joint between the atlas and axis (C1 and C2 vertebrae).
- Condylar Joint: Metacarpophalangeal joints (knuckles).
- Saddle Joint: Thumb joint (carpometacarpal joint).
- Ball-and-Socket Joint: Shoulder joint.
What is the function of synovial fluid?
Synovial fluid lubricates the joint, reduces friction, absorbs shock, and nourishes the articular cartilage.
What factors contribute to the stability of a joint?
The shape of the articular surfaces, the strength and tension of ligaments, and the arrangement and tone of surrounding muscles and tendons.
What is the difference between a sprain and a dislocation?
A sprain is the stretching or tearing of ligaments, while a dislocation occurs when bones are forced out of alignment.
Describe the difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease caused by wear and tear on the joints, whereas rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that causes chronic inflammation of the joints.
