Chapter 4 Flashcards
What are the main components of the integumentary system?
The integumentary system includes the skin, hair, nails, and glands (such as sweat and sebaceous glands).
What are the primary functions of the integumentary system?
The integumentary system protects the body, regulates temperature, provides sensory information, synthesizes vitamin D, and excretes waste products.
What are the three main layers of the skin, and what are their primary functions?
The epidermis (outer layer that provides a protective barrier), the dermis (middle layer that provides strength and flexibility), and the hypodermis aka subcutaneous (deep layer that stores fat and insulates).
Describe the structure and function of the epidermis.
The epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium, primarily composed of keratinocytes, that protects against abrasion, pathogens, and water loss.
What is keratin, and what role does it play in the skin?
Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein produced by keratinocytes, providing strength and waterproofing to the skin, hair, and nails.
Explain the role of melanocytes and melanin in the skin.
Melanocytes are cells in the epidermis that produce melanin, a pigment that protects the skin from UV radiation and gives color to the skin.
What is the dermis, and what structures are found within it?
The dermis is the middle layer of skin containing collagen and elastin fibers, blood vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands. It provides structural support and elasticity.
Describe the difference between sweat glands and sebaceous glands.
Sweat glands produce sweat to help regulate body temperature and excrete waste, while sebaceous glands produce sebum (oil) to lubricate and protect the skin and hair.
How does the skin contribute to temperature regulation?
The skin regulates temperature through sweat production and blood vessel dilation (to release heat) or constriction (to retain heat).
What is the role of vitamin D synthesis in the skin, and why is it important?
The skin synthesizes vitamin D when exposed to UV light, which is essential for calcium absorption and bone health.
