Chapter 8 Introducing Project Quality Management Flashcards
Benchmarking
A process of using prior projects internal or external to the performing organization to compare and set quality standards for processes and results.
Benefit/cost analysis
The process of determine the pros and cons of any project, process, product, or activity.
Checklists
A listing of activities that workers check to ensure the work has been completed consistently; used in quality control.
Continuous process improvement
A goal of quality assurance to improve the project’s processes and deliverables; meshes with the project’s process improvement plan, which is to improve the process of the project.
Control charts
These illustrate the performance of a project over time. They map the results of inspections against a chart. Control charts are typically used in projects or operations that have repetitive, such as manufacturing, testing series, or help desk functions. Upper and lower control limits indicate if values are in control or out of control.
Cost of conformance
The cost of completing the project work to satisfy the project scope and the expected level of quality. Examples include training, safety measures, and quality management activities. Also known as the cost of quality.
Cost of non conformance
The cost of not completing the project with quality,n including wasted time for corrective actions, more work, and wasted materials. Could also mean loss of business, loss of sales, and lawsuits.mAlso known as the cost of poor quality.
Design of experiments
This relies on statistical “what-if” scenarios to determine which variables within a project will result in the best outcome; it can also be used to eliminate a defect. The design of experiments approach is most often used on the product of the project, rather than on the project itself.
Flow chart
A chart that illustrates how the parts of a system occur in sequence.
Histogram
A bar chart; a Pareto diagram is an example of a histogram.
ISO 9000
An international standard that helps organizations follow their own quality procedures. ISO 9000 is not a quality system, but a method of following procedures created by an organization.
Operational definitions
The quantifiable terms and values used to measure a process, activity, or work result. Operational definitions are also known as me metrics.
Pareto diagrams
A Pareto diagram is related to Pareto’s Law: 80 percent of the problems come from 20 percent of the issues (“80/20 rule”). A Pareto diagram illustrates problems by assigned cause, from smallest to largest.
Process adjustments
When quality is lacking, process adjustments are needed for immediate corrective actions or for future preventive actions to ensure that quality improves. Process adjustments may qualify for a change request and be funnelled through the change control system as part of integration management.
Quality assurance
An executing process to ensure that the project is adhering to the quality expectations of the project customer and organizations. QA is a prevention-driven process to perform the project work with quality to avoid errors, waste, and delays.
