Chapter 8- Intro to Hypothesis Testing

Question 0

Define:

Null Hypothesis

Answer 0

(H0) states that in the general population there is no change, no difference, or no relationship. Will have no effect on the dependent variable

Question 1

Define:

Hypothesis Test

Answer 1

Is a statistical method that uses sample data to evaluate a hypothesis about a population

Question 2

Define:

Alternative Hypothesis

Answer 2

(H1) states that there is a change, a difference, or a relationship for the general population. The treatment will have an effect on the dependent variable

Question 3

Define:

Alpha Level/level of Significance

Answer 3

Is the probability value that is used to define the very unlikely sample outcomes if the null hypothesis is true

Question 4

How to find the z-score for alpha

Answer 4

If alpha is .05 or 5% it must be divided 2 to separate it into two tails. Then each tail = 2.5% or .0250
Look at column C the tail and find the z score. Z=+-1.96

Question 5

What are the most three common alphas used?

Answer 5

5%, 1%, 0.1%, or .05, .01, .001

Question 7

How to compute the z-score

Answer 7

Z=M-σ/σΜ

Question 8

How to calculate σΜ

Answer 8

σΜ= σ/√n

Question 9

Why do we reject the null hypothesis versus proving the alternative hypothesis

Answer 9

By saying that the our results will equal the mean, it easier to disprove. While trying to disprove this we prove our alternative hypothesis

Question 10

Define:

Type I Error

Answer 10

Occurs when a researcher rejects a null hypothesis that is actually true. Researcher concludes that a treatment does have an effect and really doesn’t

Question 11

How significant are the effects that Type I Errors have?

Answer 11

1. They can publish results and lead to false reports in scientific literature
2. Other researchers can base theories off the data
3. Time and resources may be wasted

Question 12

Define alpha level according to

Type I error.

Answer 12

It determines the probability of obtaining sample data in the critical region even though the null hypothesis is true

Question 13

Define:

Type II Error

Answer 13

When the researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis that is false

Question 14

What is the Type II Error symbol?

Answer 14

β- beta

Question 15

List the factors that influence hypothesis test

Answer 15

1. Size of difference between M and μ
2. Variability influence size of standard error
3. Number if sample scores influence size of standard error

Question 16

Draw actual situation chart

Answer 16

Good Job

Question 17

Name the four steps of Hypothesis testing

Answer 17

1. State the hypothesis
2. Set the criteria for the decision
3. Collect data and compute sample statistics
4. Make the decision

Question 18

Draw critical region boundaries

Answer 18

Great

Question 20

Define:

Critical Region

Answer 20

Is composed of extreme sample values that are very unlikely to be obtained if the null hypothesis is true