Chapter 8: Group Behaviour Flashcards
Social Facilitation
when people do better on a task in the presence of other than when they are alone
Social inhibition
When people do worse on a task in the presence of others than when they’re alone(mere presence, evaluation apprehension, distraction)
Social Loafing
a group produced a reduction in individual output on easy tasks when contributions are pooled
Group polarization
when the initial tendencies of the group members become more extreme following the discussion
Trait or “great person” model
a model of leadership describes good leaders as emerging on specific personality traits such as intelligence, dominance, and extroversion
Transactional Versus Trans transformational Leader
Transactional leaders reward desirable behaviours by group members and act once mistakes or problems occur, transformational leaders foster trust among group members, build identification with and excitement about higher level group goals, and examine new approaches to problem solving
Contingency model
emphasizes the importance of having a match between the leader’s specific traits and the demand of a particular situation(task oriented, people oriented/relationship oriented)
Social dilemma
Situations where if all individuals make self-interested choices the result will be the worst possible outcome for everyone
Common resource Dilemma
a social dilemma in which each person can tale as much as they want of a common resource, but when everyone takes, the resource will eventually be depleted
Public good Dilemma
a type of social dilemma where each person must decide what to contribute to a common pool of resources that will not exist unless people contribute to it
Prisoner’s dilemma
the situation in which two people may choose to either cooperate with each other or compete
