Chapter 8 - Extinction and Stimulus Control

Question 1

What is anticipatory contrast?

Answer 1

The process whereby the rate of response varies inversely with an upcoming (anticipatory) change in the rate of reinforcement

Question 2

What is behavioural contrast?

Answer 2

A change in the rate of reinforcement on one component of a multiple schedule produces an opposite change in the rate of response in the other component.

Question 3

What is differential reinforcement of other behaviour?

Answer 3

Reinforcement of any behaviour other than a target behaviour that is being extinguished.

Question 4

What is discrimination training?

Answer 4

The differential reinforcement of responding in the presence of one stimulus and not another.

Question 5

What is a discriminative stimulus for extinction?

Answer 5

A stimulus that signals the absence of reinforcement.

Question 6

What is errorless discrimination training?

Answer 6

A discrimination training procedure that minimises the number of errors and reduces the adverse effects associated with discrimination training.

Question 7

What is extinction?

Answer 7

The nonreinforcement of a previously reinforced stimulus, which results in a decrease in strength of the response.

Question 8

What is extinction burst?

Answer 8

A temporary increase in the frequency and intensity of responding when extinction is first implemented.

Question 9

What is fading?

Answer 9

The process of gradually altering the intensity of a stimulus.

Question 10

What is the generalisation gradient?

Answer 10

A graphic illustration of the strength in responding in the presence of stimuli that are similar to the discriminative stimulus and vary along a continuum.

Question 11

What is a multiple schedule?

Answer 11

A complex schedule consisting of two or more independent schedules presented in sequence, each resulting in reinforcement and each having a distinctive discriminative stimulus.

Question 12

What is the negative contrast effect?

Answer 12

The process by which an increase in the rate of reinforcement of one component of a multiple schedules decreases the rate of response on another component.

Question 13

What is the partial reinforcement effect?

Answer 13

The process whereby behaviour maintained on an intermittent schedule of reinforcement extinguishes slowly than behaviour that has been maintained on a continuous schedule.

Question 14

What is the peak shift effect?

Answer 14

The shifting of a peak of a generalisation gradient further away from the extinction stimulus. (higher responding for a higher pitched tone)

Question 15

What is the positive contrast effect?

Answer 15

The process whereby a decrease in rate on one component of a multiple schedule produces an increase in the rate of response on the other component.

Question 16

What is resistance to extinction?

Answer 16

The extent to which responding persists after an extinction procedure has been implemented.

Question 17

What is resurgence?

Answer 17

The reappearance of other behaviours (during extinction) that were once effective in obtaining reinforcement

Question 18

What is spontaneous recovery?

Answer 18

The reappearance of an extinguished response following rest period after extinction.

Question 19

What is stimulus control?

Answer 19

A situation in which the presence of a discriminative stimulus reliably affects the probability of a behaviour.

Question 20

What is stimulus discrimination?

Answer 20

In operant conditioning, the tendency for an operant response to be emitted more in the presence of one stimulus than another.

Question 21

What is stimulus generalisation?

Answer 21

In operant conditioning, the tendency for an operant response to be emitted in the presence of a stimulus that is similar to a discriminative stimulus.