Chapter 5 - Underlying Processes and Practical Applications Flashcards
What is the underlying process behind counterconditioning?
Reciprocal inhibition
Which factors can affect the development of a phobia?
- Incubation
- Observational learning
- Temperament
- Preparedness
- History of control
- US revaluation
What are the stages of systematic de-sensitisation?
- Relaxation training
- Creation of hierarchy with increasing levels of fear
- Pairing each item in the hierarchy with relaxation
What is the opposite of systematic de-sensitisation?
Flooding (therapy)
What is exposure therapy?
The approaches of patients towards their feared object repeatedly, until their anxiety towards it disappeared.
What is participant modelling?
The therapeutic use of modelling to facilitate fear reduction
What is contact de-sensitisation?
The therapeutic use of modelling to facilitate fear reduction
What is guided participation?
The therapeutic use of modelling to facilitate fear reduction
What is aversion therapy?
A form of behaviour therapy that attempts to reduce the attractiveness of a desired event by associating it with an aversive stimulus.
What is the compensatory-response model?
A model of conditioning in which a CS that has been repeatedly associated with the primary response to a US will eventually come to elicit a compensatory response.
What is counterconditioning?
The procedure whereby a CS that elicits one type of response is associated with an event that elicits an incompatible/opposite response.
What is flooding therapy?
A behavioural treatment for phobias that involves prolonged exposure to a feared stimulus, providing opportunity for the conditioned fear response to be extinguished.
What is incubation?
The strengthening of a conditioned fear response as a result of brief exposures to the aversive CS (without the presentation of the US). e.g. fear of a dog increasing each time a dog is seen, even though they have only ever been bitten once.
What is the over expectation effect?
The decrease in the conditioned response that occurs when two separately conditioned CSs are combined into a compound stimulus for further pairings with the US.
What is preparatory-response theory?
A theory of classical conditioning that proposes that the purpose of the CR is to prepare the organism for the presentation of the US. e.g. salivating (CR) in response to a tone (CS) in preparation for forthcoming food (US).
What is preparedness?
The inherited predisposition to learn certain kinds of association more easily than others.
What is reciprocal inhibition?
The process in which certain responses are opposite to each other, and the occurrence of one response necessarily inhibits another.
What is the Rescorla-Wagner theory?
Theory which proposes a given US can support only so much conditioning - this maximum amount of conditioning has to be distributed among the various CSs available.
What is selective sensitisation?
An increase in one’s reactivity to a potentially fearful stimulus following exposure to an unrelated stressful event.
What is the S-R model?
Stimulus-Response model, which assumes that the NS becomes directly associated with the US, and therefore comes to elicit the same response as the UR.
What is the S-S model?
Stimulus-Stimulus model, which assumes that the NS becomes directly associated with the US and therefore comes to elicit a response that is related to that US.
What is the stimulus substitution theory?
A theory of classical conditioning that proposes that the CS acts as a substitute for the US.
What is systematic desensitisation?
A behavioural treatment for phobias that involves pairing relaxation with a succession of stimuli that elicit increasing levels of fear.
What is temperament?
A individual’s base level of emotionality and reactivity to stimulation that, to a large extent, is genetically determined.
