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BIO121 > Chapter 8: Enzymes and Proteins > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Enzymes and Proteins Flashcards

Exam 1

1
Q

Protein that aids the selective acceleration of chemical reactions

A

Enzymatic proteins

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2
Q

Proteins that provide protection against diseases

A

Defensive proteins

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3
Q

Proteins that help to store amino acids

A

Storage Proteins

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4
Q

Proteins that aid in the transportation of a substance

A

Transport protein

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5
Q

A polymer of amino acids is called

A

A polypeptide

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6
Q

A biologically functional molecule made up of one or more polypeptides, each folded and coiled into a 3-D structure

A

Protein

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7
Q

An organic molecule with both an amino group and a carboxyl group

A

Amino acid

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8
Q

What is the carbon called at the center of an amino acid

A

An alpha carbon

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9
Q

The covalent bond between the carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amino group on another, forming a dehydration reaction

A

Peptide Bond

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10
Q

A linear chain of amino acids (the protein sequence of amino acids)

A

Primary protein structure

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11
Q

Regions stabilized by hydrogen bonds between atoms of the polypeptide backbone

A

Secondary Structures

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12
Q

A delicate coil held together by hydrogen bonding between every 4th amino acid

A

Alpha helix

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13
Q

Two or more segments of a polypeptide chain laying side-by-side

A

Beta Pleated Sheet

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14
Q

3-D shape stabilized by interaction of side chains

A

Tertiary Structures

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15
Q

Amino acids with hydrophobic side chains usually end up in clusters at the core

A

Hydrophobic interactions

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16
Q

Form where two cystine monomers, which have -SH groups on side, are brought close by folding

A

Disulfide bridges

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17
Q

The association of two or more peptides (the overall protein structure that results from the aggregation of polypeptide subunits)

A

Quaternary Structure

18
Q

A process in which protein loses its shape due to the disruption of weak chemical bonds, becoming biologically inactive

A

Denaturation

19
Q

A macromolecule that acts as a catalyst

A

Enzyme

20
Q

A chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction

A

Catalyst

21
Q

Enzymes lower the _______________

A

Activation energy barrier

22
Q

The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start

A

Activation energy

23
Q

The reaction on which an enzyme works

A

Substrate

24
Q

A pocket or groove on the surface of an enzyme where catalyzation occurs

A

Active site

25
Q

Are active sites specific or willing to bind many enzymes?

A

Very specific

26
Q

The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so it binds more snug to the substrate

A

Induced fit

27
Q

Does the rate of an enzyme increase with increased or decreased temperature?

A

Increased

28
Q

If we keep increasing the temperature, what will happen to an enzyme?

A

It will denaturize and become inactive

29
Q

Why does a higher temp increase reaction rate of an enzyme (to a point)?

A

Caused by increased speed of substrates colliding with active sites

30
Q

What is the optimal pH value for enzymes?

A

6-8

31
Q

Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme

A

Cofactor

32
Q

An organic molecule serving as a cofactor is called

A

coenzyme

33
Q

Reduce the productivity of enzymes by BLOCKING substrates from entering active sites

A

Competitive inhibitors

34
Q

Reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site

A

Noncompetitive inhibitor

35
Q

The binding of a regulatory molecule to a protein at one site that affects the function of a protein at a different site

A

Allosteric regulation of enzymes

36
Q

A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway

A

Feedback inhibition

37
Q

Products have less energy than reactant (-G)

A

Exergonic/spontaneous reactions

38
Q

Products have higher energy than reactant (+G)

A

Endergonic/nonspontaneous reactions

39
Q

Binding of a substrate molecule can stimulate the binding of activity at other active sites

A

cooperativity

40
Q

Chemical reactions that involve a free energy change

A

Gibbs Free Energy

41
Q

-G means ___________, while +G means ______________

A

Spontaneous, nonspontaneous

42
Q

Changing pH disrupts what type of bonds (2)

A

Hydrogen and Ionic

BIO121 (5 decks)

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