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BIO121 > Chapter 3: DNA and Chemical Components of Biology > Flashcards

Chapter 3: DNA and Chemical Components of Biology Flashcards

Exam 1

1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

What is the function of DNA?

A

To store genetic information that is used to make proteins, and gets replicated to transmit genes to next gen

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3
Q

Is DNA single or double-stranded? What is the coding of DNA?

A

Double-stranded; ACGT

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4
Q

The monomer building blocks of DNA and RNA

A

Nucleotides

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5
Q

What are the 3 nucleotides of DNA and RNA?

A
  1. 5-Carbon Pentose Sugar
  2. Phosphate Group
  3. Nitrogenous Base
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6
Q

In DNA and RNA, the 5-carbon pentose sugar is different in what aspect?

A

RNA has an OH group attached to carbon 3’ and carbon 5’, while DNA only has an OH group attached to carbon 3’

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7
Q

What does RNA stand for?

A

Ribonucleic acid

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8
Q

What is the function of RNA?

A

mRNA carries genetic info from DNA to the ribosomes

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9
Q

Is RNA double or single-stranded? What is its coding?

A

Single; ACGU

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10
Q

The _________________ vary between DNA and RNA sequences

A

nitrogenous bases

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11
Q

A single strand of RNA/DNA is built by joining the _________________________ of one nucleotide to the _________________________________ of another

A

Phosphate; 5-carbon pentose sugar

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12
Q

The bond connecting nucleotides is called a

A

phosphodiester bond

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13
Q

A in DNA stands for _____________ and likes to pair with _

A

Adenine; T

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14
Q

G in DNA stands for ______________ and likes to pair with _

A

Guanine; C

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15
Q

C in DNA stands for ______________ and likes to pair with _

A

Cytosine; G

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16
Q

T in DNA stands for ______________ and likes to pair with _

A

Thymine; A

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17
Q

U in RNA stands for _______________ and likes to pair with _

A

Urasil; A

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18
Q

Oxygen is more EN than H in a covalent bond, which creates

A

Polar covalent bonds

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19
Q

The dipole attraction of a H to an EN- element like Oxygen

A

Hydrogen bonding

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20
Q

The process, act, or state in which alike molecules or body parts bind or stay close together

A

Cohesion

21
Q

What are the four emergent properties of water?

A
  1. Cohesion of the water molecule
  2. Moderation of temperature by water
  3. Floating ice on the water
  4. Water as the solvent of life
22
Q

Hydrogen bonds holding a substance together are an example of ___________

A

Cohesion

23
Q

How difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid; What causes this?

A

Surface tension; cohesion

24
Q

Does water have a high or low surface tension?

A

High

25
Q

The clinging of one substance to another

A

Adhesion

26
Q

Energy of motion

A

Kinetic energy

27
Q

The faster a molecule moves, the greater its

A

Kinetic energy

28
Q

The kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms

A

Thermal energy

29
Q

The average kinetic energy of molecules in a body of matter

A

Temperature

30
Q

Thermal energy is transferred from one body of matter to another

A

Heat

31
Q

The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one Celsius degree

A

Specific heat

32
Q

Why does ice float on water? Why is this unique?

A

Water in a solid form is less dense than in a liquid form. No other liquid is like this

32
Q

Polar substances that love water

A

Hydrophilic

33
Q

Nonpolar substances that hate water

A

Hydrophobic

34
Q

Atom that plays a key role in biomolecules

A

Carbon

35
Q

The number of covalent bonds an atom can form

A

Valence

36
Q

Molecules known for their huge size

A

Macromolecules

37
Q

A molecule consisting of many similar blocks linked by covalent bonds

A

Polymers

38
Q

The repeating units that serve as building blocks for polymers

A

Monomers

39
Q

Specific macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions

A

Enzymes

40
Q

Have molecular formula that are some multiple of the unit CH2O

A

Monosaccharides

41
Q

Disaccharides are two monosaccharides that are joined by ____________

A

A glycosidic linkage

42
Q

What is a glycosidic linkage?

A

A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration

43
Q

RNA specifically controls

A

protein synthesis

44
Q

What are the two father groups of nitrogenous variations?

A
  1. Pyrimidine
  2. Purines
45
Q

One Six-membered ring of carbon and sugar is called? DNA/RNA examples are

A

Pyrimidine; C T U

46
Q

A larger six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring is called? DNA examples are

A

Purines; A G

47
Q
A

BIO121 (5 decks)

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