Chapter 22: Darwinism and Natural Selection

Question 1

What is the biological organization from largest to smallest (10)

Answer 1

1. The biosphere
2. Ecosystems
3. Community
4. Population
5. Organisms
6. Organs
7. Tissues
8. Cells
9. Organelles
10. Molecules

Question 2

All life on Earth and all the places life exists

Answer 2

The biosphere

Question 3

All living things and nonliving things in a particular area

Answer 3

Ecosystem

Question 4

The array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem

Answer 4

Communities

Question 5

All of the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specific area

Answer 5

Population

Question 6

Individual living thing

Answer 6

Organism

Question 7

A body part made up of multiple tissues that have specific functions

Answer 7

Organs

Question 8

A group of cells that work together to perform a function

Answer 8

tissues

Question 9

Life’s fundamental unit of structure and function

Answer 9

Cels

Question 10

Functional component in cells

Answer 10

Organelles

Question 11

A chemical structure consisting of two or more atoms

Answer 11

Molecule

Question 12

Eukaryotic cells contain _____________, while prokaryotic cells lack a ___________

Answer 12

membrane-enclosed organelle; nucleus

Question 13

Critical attributes of biological systems that arise from the interactions of individual parts.

Answer 13

Emergent properties

Question 14

The exploration of a biological system by analyzing the interactions

Answer 14

systems biology

Question 15

The most diverse and widespread prokaryotes; Single-celled

Answer 15

Domain bacteria

Question 16

Prokaryotes that live in Earth’s most extreme environments

Answer 16

Domain archaea

Question 17

Species adapt to different environments over time, they accumulate differences from ancestors

Answer 17

Descent with modification

Question 18

What are the 3 observations from nature?

Answer 18

1. Individuals vary in a population by traits
2. A population can produce far more offspring than can survive to produce offspring of their own
3. Species generally are not suited to their environment

Question 19

Selects for the propagation of certain traits among naturally occurring variant traits in the population

Answer 19

Natural selection

Question 20

The selective breeding of domesticating plants and animals to encourage the occurrence of desirable traits

Answer 20

Artificial selection

Question 21

Inherited characteristics of an organism that enhances its survival and reproduction in a specific environment

Answer 21

Adaptations

Question 22

Organisms capacity for reproduction and survival

Answer 22

Evolutionary fitness

Question 23

A distinguishing characteristic; heritable

Answer 23

Traits

Question 24

A hereditary unit consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA

Answer 24

Gene

Question 25

1 or 2 alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutations

Answer 25

Allele

Question 26

Limitation or biases on the course of adaptive evolution

Answer 26

Evolutionary constraint

Question 27

The tendency of some individuals to produce more/less offspring than others due to random things

Answer 27

Genetic Drift

Question 28

A feature of the biotic or abiotic environment that impacts which trait variants lead to greater reproduction success

Answer 28

Selective pressure

Question 29

What are the three principles of natural selection?

Answer 29

1. Trait must show variation
2. Trait must be heritable
3. Trait must impact reproductive success

Question 30

Set of traits that make up a species’ distinctive pattern of growth, reproduction, and lifespan

Answer 30

Life History

Question 31

Each organism has a finite energy budget based on food it consumes

Answer 31

Life history theory