Chapter 4: The Central Dogma

Question 1

DNA to RNA

Answer 1

Transcription

Question 2

RNA to Amino Acids

Answer 2

Translation

Question 3

What are the 3 steps of transcription?

Answer 3

1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination

Question 4

RNA polymerase binds to DNA at the promoter

Answer 4

Initiation

Question 5

A short DNA sequence located in front of the gene that functions as “gene start here” sign

Answer 5

Promotor

Question 6

RNA polymerase travels along DNA, reading template strands in a 3’ to 5’ way

Answer 6

Elongation

Question 7

mRNA is synthesized in what direction

Answer 7

5 to 3’

Question 8

RNA polymerase detaches when it reads the stop here sequence

Answer 8

Termination in Prokaryoates

Question 9

Prokaryotes=

Answer 9

Bacteria

Question 10

More extensive termination sequence than its counterpart

Answer 10

Eukaryoates

Question 11

Eukaryoates=

Answer 11

multi-celled organisms (plants/animals)

Question 12

RNA polymerase is commonly called the

Answer 12

transciber

Question 13

What 3 things does RNA polymerase do?

Answer 13

1. pulls apart the double-stranded DNA
2. Enables RNA nucleotides to base-pair with the gene’s template
3. Enables the RNA polymerase catalyzation

Question 14

Nucleotides are added only to the __ of growing RNA strand (in elongation)

Answer 14

3’

Question 15

The mRNA is built by base-pairing RNA nucleotides with the template of DNA in what step

Answer 15

elongation

Question 16

If a template strand is 5’-ATCG-3’ what is the correct mRNA

Answer 16

3’ - UAGC - 5’

Question 17

plants and animals are examples of

Answer 17

Eukaryotes

Question 18

Bacteria is an example of a

Answer 18

prokaryote

Question 19

A process in which some segments of mRNA are cut out, while others are bonded together and used

Answer 19

RNA splicing

Question 20

___________ are cut out and discarded; stay inside the nucleus

Answer 20

INtrons

Question 21

Attached together and exit the nucleus so they can become polypeptide

Answer 21

EXons

Question 22

Unprocessed mRNA identical to DNA coding strand

Answer 22

pre-mRNA

Question 23

What are the two ways eukaryotic cells modify their pre-mRNA bases?

Answer 23

1. Add the 5’ cap
2. Add poly-A tail

Question 24

____________________ Lets a gene contain multiple versions of multiple domains

Answer 24

Alternative splicing

Question 25

Triplets of nucleotides

Answer 25

Codons

Question 26

The genetic instructions for a polypeptide chain are written in the DNA as a series of nonoverlapping three-nucleotide words

Answer 26

triplet code

Question 27

Provides the pattern/template for the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript

Answer 27

Template strand

Question 28

What directions are codons written in

Answer 28

5’-3’

Question 29

What are the three stop codons?

Answer 29

UGA, UAA, UAG

Question 30

What is the start codon?

Answer 30

MET/ AUG***

Question 31

The sequence that signals the end of transcription

Answer 31

Terminator

Question 32

The nucleotide where RNA polymerase actually begins synthesizing mRNA

Answer 32

Start point

Question 33

What is a sequence of 50-250 adenine nucleotides that are assigned to a 3’ end

Answer 33

Poly-A tail

Question 34

A functional RNA strand on one end, it attaches to one particular amino acid. On opposite end, it attaches to an anti-codon

Answer 34

tRNA

Question 35

A nucleotide sequence on tRNA that base-pairs with a codon on mRNA

Answer 35

Anti-codon

Question 36

what direction does anti-codon read?

Answer 36

3’-5’