Chapter 8: Creating a New People, Expanding the Country Flashcards
1
Q
Jefferson and the Republic Ideal
A
1801-1809
2
Q
Republicanism
A
Political theory of representative government based on the principle of popular sovereignty, with a strong emphasis on liberty and civic virtue
3
Q
Marbury vs. Madison (1803)
A
- Chief Justice John Marshall establishes principle of judicial review (ability of the judiciary to declare congressional laws unconstitutional)
- Jefferson legal victory as Marbury is denied job as justice
4
Q
Qualifications to Vote
A
- white men
- requirement of having property goes away
5
Q
Sally Hemmings
A
- half-sister of Jefferson’s late wife and his slave
- rumors were spread of their longtime relationship, but he kept silent
- their 4 children were later free, but she was never
6
Q
James Callendar
A
political rival who publishes story of Sally Hemmings and Thomas Jefferson in the Richmond Researcher
7
Q
Jefferson’s Views of Religion
A
- believes religion is a matter between man and God and govt. has no say
- based off republican ideal
- advocate for the separation between church & state
- no taxes for a common church
8
Q
Religion of Jefferson
A
- Deist
- believes God created the Earth and then sat back to let people live their lives
9
Q
The Second Great Awakening
1790s-1820s
A
- flourished in spite of separation of church & state
- Methodists and Baptist will experience greatest surge
- encouraged religion amongst slaves although independent southern churches discouraged for fear of slave riots
- Catholics and Jews gain more freedom
10
Q
African Americans Baptist Church
A
- Richard Allen organizes in PA in 1794 because white churches were often unwelcoming
11
Q
James McGready
A
- leads immense religious revival in Kentucky, part of the wild western frontier, gathering up to 20,000 people at Cane Ridge
12
Q
How was Haiti involved in France’s ceding of the Louisiana Territory?
A
- France under the rule of Napoleon attempts to take back Haiti after the slave revolt, planning to use Louisiana Territory as a source for fuel, food, and trade
- However, slaves were too strong and organized, and France gives up on Haiti
13
Q
Louisiana Purchase
A
- Purchased from France in 1803
- $15,000,000
- Doubles size of US by 800,000 sq miles
- Gives US controls of Mississippi River and New Orleans
14
Q
New Orleans
A
- inhabitants commonly were Catholic and spoke French or Spanish
- slaves and free blacks gathered every Sunday in Congo Square to dance and play music(jazz)
- racial mixing was normal and used to elevate personal status
- third of blacks were free
15
Q
Lewis and Clark
1804-1806
A
- “scientific expedition” led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark
- goal was to study people, land, animals, plants, French, Spanish, & make treaties
16
Q
Corps of Discovery
A
- name given to the expedition led by Lewis and Clark
17
Q
Nez Perce
A
- Encountered by Corps as they try to cross Rocky Mountains in September 1805
- Corps almost starve, thought Rockies were like Appalachians but find only high mountains
- largest tribe in region
- helped map out the area, taught them how to make dug-out canoes, and fed them
- leader: Twisted Pine
18
Q
Mandan
A
- By October 1804, Corps of Discovery reach present day U.S-Canadian border in North Dakota
- spent entire winter and New Years Day with Mandans
19
Q
Charbonneau & Sacagawea
A
- Mandan partners
- Sacagawea becomes essential guide and American legends who aided finding food and interpreting for Corps
20
Q
The Chesapeake Affair
1807
A
- British ship Leopard fires on US Chesapeake
- kills 3 Americans and 4 are impressed
- anti-British sentiment HIGH
21
Q
Embargo
A
- Jefferson prohibits all trade to foreign ports
- New England port cities severely hurt economically
- since Jefferson had shrunk the size of the navy, he did not have a strong naval force
- Massachusetts and Connecticut legislatures attempt to nullify and threaten secession
22
Q
Non-Intercourse Act
A
- only a few days before Jefferson’s presidency ends, updates Embargo Act to no trade with French or British (both nations violating American ships)
23
Q
Tecumseh & The Prophet of the Shawnees
A
- The Prophet preaches that the ancient spirits disapprove of how the Natives have given up their own traditions for European ones, and allowed Europeans to coexist with them
- Tecumseh will prepare a large confederation of Indian tribes to fight Americans in The War of 1812
- will join the British in the next war in the northwest territories to defend Canadian border
24
Q
William Henry Harrison
A
- as Tecumseh is out making alliances with other tribes, governor of Indiana Harrison orders US troops to burn Prophetstown
25
The War of 1812
Causes
- Impressment
- Non-Intercourse Act
- British/Indian relations
26
The War Hawks
- led by Henry Clay
- group of Democratic-Republicans in Congress that advocate for war with Britain to expand territories in Canada and Florida and settle the Indian menace
27
The War of 1812
Outcomes
- Army was badly beaten but the Navy had much success
- Capitol is burnt and the White House is nearly
- British bomb Fort McHenry, but the proud American soldiers do not surrender (Star Spangled Banner)
- Jackson will defeat southern Creek and Cherokee Indians in the south (western Florida/modern-day Mississippi & Alabama)
- EUROPE STARTS TO LEAVE U,S. ALONE
28
Battle of New Orleans
- led by Andrew Jackson
- fought after treaty bc news hadn't been delivered yet
- British plan to take city to cut off trade in Mississippi River
- Jackson will win Battle of New Orleans with 700 British deaths and 1300 wounded vs. 8 dead and 12 wounded American soldiers
29
Hartford Convention
- right before Treaty of Ghent
- Federalist see little value in war and were severely impacted economically
- Federalist delegates in New England demand peace and consider secession if peace does not come quickly
30
Treaty of Ghent
- Britain wants to preserve strength for potential French conflicts/war
- signed December 1814 between U.S. and Britain to end War of 1812
31
Adams-Onis Treaty
- treaty with Spanish in which Spanish cede all of their claims in the Oregon territory to the U.S. and give them Florida in exchange for $5 million and a promise that the Americans will not help revolutionary efforts in Mexico and South America
32
Anglo-American Convention
1819
- where British and U.S. delegates decide that the Oregon Territory will be shared in a joint-claim between the 2 nations
- Russia takes claims in Alaska, whose boundary was settled to be higher north
33
The Monroe Doctrine
1823
- establishes U.S. as benefactor and prime trading partner of South America after acknowledging Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru as independent nations despite the Adams-Onis Treaty
