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AP U.S. History > Chapter 8: Creating a New People, Expanding the Country > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Creating a New People, Expanding the Country Flashcards

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1
Q

Jefferson and the Republic Ideal

A

1801-1809

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2
Q

Republicanism

A

Political theory of representative government based on the principle of popular sovereignty, with a strong emphasis on liberty and civic virtue

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3
Q

Marbury vs. Madison (1803)

A
  • Chief Justice John Marshall establishes principle of judicial review (ability of the judiciary to declare congressional laws unconstitutional)
  • Jefferson legal victory as Marbury is denied job as justice
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4
Q

Qualifications to Vote

A
  • white men
  • requirement of having property goes away
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5
Q

Sally Hemmings

A
  • half-sister of Jefferson’s late wife and his slave
  • rumors were spread of their longtime relationship, but he kept silent
  • their 4 children were later free, but she was never
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6
Q

James Callendar

A

political rival who publishes story of Sally Hemmings and Thomas Jefferson in the Richmond Researcher

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7
Q

Jefferson’s Views of Religion

A
  • believes religion is a matter between man and God and govt. has no say
  • based off republican ideal
  • advocate for the separation between church & state
  • no taxes for a common church
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8
Q

Religion of Jefferson

A
  • Deist
  • believes God created the Earth and then sat back to let people live their lives
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9
Q

The Second Great Awakening
1790s-1820s

A
  • flourished in spite of separation of church & state
  • Methodists and Baptist will experience greatest surge
  • encouraged religion amongst slaves although independent southern churches discouraged for fear of slave riots
  • Catholics and Jews gain more freedom
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10
Q

African Americans Baptist Church

A
  • Richard Allen organizes in PA in 1794 because white churches were often unwelcoming
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11
Q

James McGready

A
  • leads immense religious revival in Kentucky, part of the wild western frontier, gathering up to 20,000 people at Cane Ridge
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12
Q

How was Haiti involved in France’s ceding of the Louisiana Territory?

A
  • France under the rule of Napoleon attempts to take back Haiti after the slave revolt, planning to use Louisiana Territory as a source for fuel, food, and trade
  • However, slaves were too strong and organized, and France gives up on Haiti
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13
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A
  • Purchased from France in 1803
  • $15,000,000
  • Doubles size of US by 800,000 sq miles
  • Gives US controls of Mississippi River and New Orleans
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14
Q

New Orleans

A
  • inhabitants commonly were Catholic and spoke French or Spanish
  • slaves and free blacks gathered every Sunday in Congo Square to dance and play music(jazz)
  • racial mixing was normal and used to elevate personal status
  • third of blacks were free
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15
Q

Lewis and Clark
1804-1806

A
  • “scientific expedition” led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark
  • goal was to study people, land, animals, plants, French, Spanish, & make treaties
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16
Q

Corps of Discovery

A
  • name given to the expedition led by Lewis and Clark
17
Q

Nez Perce

A
  • Encountered by Corps as they try to cross Rocky Mountains in September 1805
  • Corps almost starve, thought Rockies were like Appalachians but find only high mountains
  • largest tribe in region
  • helped map out the area, taught them how to make dug-out canoes, and fed them
  • leader: Twisted Pine
18
Q

Mandan

A
  • By October 1804, Corps of Discovery reach present day U.S-Canadian border in North Dakota
  • spent entire winter and New Years Day with Mandans
19
Q

Charbonneau & Sacagawea

A
  • Mandan partners
  • Sacagawea becomes essential guide and American legends who aided finding food and interpreting for Corps
20
Q

The Chesapeake Affair
1807

A
  • British ship Leopard fires on US Chesapeake
  • kills 3 Americans and 4 are impressed
  • anti-British sentiment HIGH
21
Q

Embargo

A
  • Jefferson prohibits all trade to foreign ports
  • New England port cities severely hurt economically
  • since Jefferson had shrunk the size of the navy, he did not have a strong naval force
  • Massachusetts and Connecticut legislatures attempt to nullify and threaten secession
22
Q

Non-Intercourse Act

A
  • only a few days before Jefferson’s presidency ends, updates Embargo Act to no trade with French or British (both nations violating American ships)
23
Q

Tecumseh & The Prophet of the Shawnees

A
  • The Prophet preaches that the ancient spirits disapprove of how the Natives have given up their own traditions for European ones, and allowed Europeans to coexist with them
  • Tecumseh will prepare a large confederation of Indian tribes to fight Americans in The War of 1812
  • will join the British in the next war in the northwest territories to defend Canadian border
24
Q

William Henry Harrison

A
  • as Tecumseh is out making alliances with other tribes, governor of Indiana Harrison orders US troops to burn Prophetstown
25
Q

The War of 1812
Causes

A
  • Impressment
  • Non-Intercourse Act
  • British/Indian relations
26
Q

The War Hawks

A
  • led by Henry Clay
  • group of Democratic-Republicans in Congress that advocate for war with Britain to expand territories in Canada and Florida and settle the Indian menace
27
Q

The War of 1812
Outcomes

A
  • Army was badly beaten but the Navy had much success
  • Capitol is burnt and the White House is nearly
  • British bomb Fort McHenry, but the proud American soldiers do not surrender (Star Spangled Banner)
  • Jackson will defeat southern Creek and Cherokee Indians in the south (western Florida/modern-day Mississippi & Alabama)
  • EUROPE STARTS TO LEAVE U,S. ALONE
28
Q

Battle of New Orleans

A
  • led by Andrew Jackson
  • fought after treaty bc news hadn’t been delivered yet
  • British plan to take city to cut off trade in Mississippi River
  • Jackson will win Battle of New Orleans with 700 British deaths and 1300 wounded vs. 8 dead and 12 wounded American soldiers
29
Q

Hartford Convention

A
  • right before Treaty of Ghent
  • Federalist see little value in war and were severely impacted economically
  • Federalist delegates in New England demand peace and consider secession if peace does not come quickly
30
Q

Treaty of Ghent

A
  • Britain wants to preserve strength for potential French conflicts/war
  • signed December 1814 between U.S. and Britain to end War of 1812
31
Q

Adams-Onis Treaty

A
  • treaty with Spanish in which Spanish cede all of their claims in the Oregon territory to the U.S. and give them Florida in exchange for $5 million and a promise that the Americans will not help revolutionary efforts in Mexico and South America
32
Q

Anglo-American Convention
1819

A
  • where British and U.S. delegates decide that the Oregon Territory will be shared in a joint-claim between the 2 nations
  • Russia takes claims in Alaska, whose boundary was settled to be higher north
33
Q

The Monroe Doctrine
1823

A
  • establishes U.S. as benefactor and prime trading partner of South America after acknowledging Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru as independent nations despite the Adams-Onis Treaty

AP U.S. History (11 decks)

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