Chapter 15: Reconstruction

Question 1

Radical Republican

Answer 1

A shifting group of Republican congressmen, who favored abolishing slavery and advocated full rights for former slaves in the South

Question 2

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 2

Agency established by Congress in March 1865 to provide social, educational, and economic services as well as advice and protection to former slaves

Question 3

Presidential Reconstruction

Answer 3

the immediate post-Civil War era, 1865-1866, when President Andrew Johnson took the lead to return full rights to the former Confederate states

Question 4

Congressional Reconstruction

Answer 4

The 1867-1870 period when the Republican-dominated Congress controlled Reconstruction era policy (“Radical Reconstruction”)

Question 5

Redemption

Answer 5

Used by opponents of Reconstruction for the era in which the federal government ended its involvement in Southern affairs, and southern whites took control of state governments and ended black political rights

Question 6

Union Leagues

Answer 6

A southern Republican Party organization led by African-Americans, Freedmen trying to meet and push into the political system

Question 7

Sharecropping

Answer 7

Labor system that evolved during and after Reconstruction whereby landowners furnished laborers with a house, farm animals, tools, and advanced credit in exchange for a share of the laborer’s crop

Question 8

40 acres and a mule

Answer 8

General Sherman’s plan to provide land to black families by redistributing from former plantation owners’ land

Question 9

Sojourner Truth

Answer 9

• calls out Frederick Douglass’ in his remark “One step at as time” and speaks out against the men who are celebrating their freedom and suffrage despite the absence of women’s suffrage

Question 10

Hiram R. Revels

Answer 10

1st black man to win a Senate seat, Jefferson Davis’s seat

Question 11

15th Amendment

Answer 11

1870- regardless of color/past servitude, no one can be excluded from voting

Question 12

Benjamin Wade

Answer 12

President Pro Tempore of the Senate who would take Andrew Johnson’s seat as President if the impeachment resulted in removal from office

Question 13

Lyman Trumbull

Answer 13

introduces the Extension of Freedman’s Bureau (granted original plan was 1 year under Lincoln’s design but he felt it should be long term) & Civil Rights Act of 1866 (give blacks’ their citizenship, silent on voting)
Johnson vetoes

Question 14

14th Amendment

Answer 14

• establishes blacks born or naturalized in America as U.S. citizens and declares that no state can deny them their citizenship nor shall they deprive them of LLP without due process, establishes equal protection of the laws

Question 15

13th Amendment

Answer 15

• abolishes slavery and declares blacks as “free”

Question 16

Grant Administration

Answer 16

Takes big steps to protect black citizens, such as sending military troops to fight against illegal aggression against black rights

Question 17

Carpetbaggers

Answer 17

northern men that move south in hopes to gain wealth, provide reform in the south as well as rights to the blacks

Question 18

Scalawags

Answer 18

southern men that move south in hopes to gain wealth, provide reform in the south and fight for rights for blacks

Question 19

Black Codes

Answer 19

• state legislative laws that restricted black rights, mostly voting right, that white citizens enjoyed, including hunting, fishing, free grazing of livestock, owning guns caused by Johnson’s amnesty

Question 20

Ku Klux Klan

Answer 20

• Formed by like-minded southern Democrats in Tennessee in 1866 as a form of violent, illegal organized crime against white Republican political leaders and blacks/black teachers
• goal was to end Reconstruction

Question 21

Jim Crow Segregation

Answer 21

System of marginalization against blacks from 1870s-1960s to tie the black majority to sharecropping, restrict their voting rights, intimidate and threaten them through lynching and violence, and segregate via public facilities, transportation, schools, etc.
enhanced by Plessy v. Ferguson

Question 22

Charles Sumner

Answer 22

• Leader of the Radical Republicans in the Senate that wished to reform the southern government since it was a “copy and paste” of the former Confederate government

Question 23

Andrew Johnson

Answer 23

• 2nd worst(least effective) president in the US, EXTREMELY RACIST
• required the southern states to simply agree to the 13th amendment to be be part of the Union again, major period of amnesty that left the southern government exactly as it was before
• refused to advocate for any black rights, vetoed so many black rights laws that every single veto was eventually overridden
• impeached, but 1 vote away from being removed

Question 24

Thaddeus Stevens

Answer 24

• co-leader with Charles Sumner of the Radical Republicans in the Senate in support of southern govt. reform

Question 25

Booker T. Washington

Answer 25

• speaks on the intense desire of newly freed blacks to learn, read, write, and go to school
• symbolizes the idea that blacks in education/schooling were the primary indicator of newly recognized freedom

Question 26

Frederick Douglass

Answer 26

• advocates that newly freed blacks gain an education as he knows it is the strongest indicator of freedom
• advocates women’s rights but responds to angered women’s right movement saying “one step at a time”
  angers women (Sojourner Truth)

Question 27

W.E.B. Dubois

Answer 27

• believed in the idea that African Americans had to educate themselves in order to push for liberty

Question 28

Rutherford B. Hayes

Answer 28

Republican nominee in election of 1876
Democratic Senate refused to count votes despite 8-7 count for Hayes in the 15-men Electoral Commission
Hayes promised to reverse Reconstruction and remove federal troops from the South so Senate agreed to count the votes
Hayes removes troops and self-development of the southern government continues, causing a long and painful period of segregation and discrimination

Question 29

Samuel Tilden

Answer 29

• Democrat nominee & former New York governor in Election of 1876 who promised to end federal corruption, “allow prosperity,” and leave the Reconstruction movement to die