Chapter 8 - Consciousness, Brain, And Behavior Flashcards
Consciousness
Degree of mental alertness (awake/drowsy/asleep)
State of consciousness determined by …
Behavior and pattern of brain activity
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Electrical potential difference b/w diff points on surface of scalp
Due to graded potential patterns
Wave patterns abnormal over diseased or damaged brain areas
EX tumors, blood clots, dead tissue
EEG amplitude
Microvolts
Indicate electrical activity
High A - many neurons activated simultaneously
EEG frequency
Hertz
Indicates ow often wave cycles from max A to min A and back
Low f - common in sleep
High f - indicate increased alertness
Epilepsy
Neurological disease
Neurons begin firing in an abnormal excessive synchronized manner
Two states of being awake
Alpha rhythm
Beta rhythm
Alpha rhythm
Indicates decreased levels of attention
Occur during feelings of relaxed and happy
Beta rhythm
Occurs when attention to external stimulus high or one is thinking hard about something
Two phases of sleep
NREM - non-rapid eye movement
REM - rapid eye movement
NREM
EEG waves are high A, low f
Slow wave sleep
4 stages
R.E.M.
Deep sleep - hard to wake sleeper
EEG pattern of alert, awake state
Brain o2 consumption is higher than NREM state and awake state
Coma
State of unresponsiveness, eyes closed, no awareness of self or surrounding
Must persist for at least 1 hour
Result of widespread trauma to brain from external source or stroke
Vegetative state
Patients awake but unaware of themselves or environment
Capable of growth and development but NOT sensation or thought
Result of cerebral hemisphere damage
Brain Death
Brain no longer functions and no possibility of functioning again
Brain death is irreversible
Conscious experiences
Experiences a person is aware of: thoughts, feelings, perceptions, ideas, dreams, reasoning
Selective attention
Avoiding distraction of irrelevant stimuli and focusing on one stimuli
Attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Common in school aged children
Difficulty to maintain selective attention
Impulses of hyperactivity
Motivations
Behavior related to achieving homeostasis - do to make you happy
Emotions
Relationship b/w individual and environment based on physical response to it, feelings to the enviro, and evaluation of enviro
Schizophrenia
Info not properly regulated in the brain
1 in 100 people
Cause: abnormal maturation and migration of neurons during development
Symptoms - hallucinations, hearing violets, withdrawn
Depression
Feeling empty, loss of energy and interest
Decrease neuronal activity and metabolism in anterior part of limbic system
Bipolar disorders
Abnormalities like depression
Mode swings from mania to depression
Dopamine
Chemical results in alertness and energy
Biogenic amine
Serotonin
Controls feeding and sleep behaviors
Biogenic amine
Learning
The acquisition and storage of info as a consequence of experience
Memory
Relatively permanent storage form of learned info
Brain processes,stores, and retrieves info in different ways for different needs
Declarative memory
Associated with actual events in a person’s direct experience
Memories of facts and events
Procedural memory
Associated knowledge of sequence of events and relationships b/w events
Memory how to do things
