Chapter 8 - Consciousness, Brain, And Behavior

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

Degree of mental alertness (awake/drowsy/asleep)

Question 2

State of consciousness determined by …

Answer 2

Behavior and pattern of brain activity

Question 3

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Answer 3

Electrical potential difference b/w diff points on surface of scalp
Due to graded potential patterns
Wave patterns abnormal over diseased or damaged brain areas
EX tumors, blood clots, dead tissue

Question 4

EEG amplitude

Answer 4

Microvolts
Indicate electrical activity
High A - many neurons activated simultaneously

Question 5

EEG frequency

Answer 5

Hertz
Indicates ow often wave cycles from max A to min A and back
Low f - common in sleep
High f - indicate increased alertness

Question 6

Epilepsy

Answer 6

Neurological disease

Neurons begin firing in an abnormal excessive synchronized manner

Question 7

Two states of being awake

Answer 7

Alpha rhythm

Beta rhythm

Question 8

Alpha rhythm

Answer 8

Indicates decreased levels of attention

Occur during feelings of relaxed and happy

Question 9

Beta rhythm

Answer 9

Occurs when attention to external stimulus high or one is thinking hard about something

Question 10

Two phases of sleep

Answer 10

NREM - non-rapid eye movement

REM - rapid eye movement

Question 11

NREM

Answer 11

EEG waves are high A, low f
Slow wave sleep
4 stages

Question 12

R.E.M.

Answer 12

Deep sleep - hard to wake sleeper
EEG pattern of alert, awake state
Brain o2 consumption is higher than NREM state and awake state

Question 13

Coma

Answer 13

State of unresponsiveness, eyes closed, no awareness of self or surrounding
Must persist for at least 1 hour
Result of widespread trauma to brain from external source or stroke

Question 14

Vegetative state

Answer 14

Patients awake but unaware of themselves or environment
Capable of growth and development but NOT sensation or thought
Result of cerebral hemisphere damage

Question 15

Brain Death

Answer 15

Brain no longer functions and no possibility of functioning again
Brain death is irreversible

Question 16

Conscious experiences

Answer 16

Experiences a person is aware of: thoughts, feelings, perceptions, ideas, dreams, reasoning

Question 17

Selective attention

Answer 17

Avoiding distraction of irrelevant stimuli and focusing on one stimuli

Question 18

Attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 18

Common in school aged children
Difficulty to maintain selective attention
Impulses of hyperactivity

Question 19

Motivations

Answer 19

Behavior related to achieving homeostasis - do to make you happy

Question 20

Emotions

Answer 20

Relationship b/w individual and environment based on physical response to it, feelings to the enviro, and evaluation of enviro

Question 21

Schizophrenia

Answer 21

Info not properly regulated in the brain
1 in 100 people
Cause: abnormal maturation and migration of neurons during development
Symptoms - hallucinations, hearing violets, withdrawn

Question 22

Depression

Answer 22

Feeling empty, loss of energy and interest

Decrease neuronal activity and metabolism in anterior part of limbic system

Question 23

Bipolar disorders

Answer 23

Abnormalities like depression

Mode swings from mania to depression

Question 24

Dopamine

Answer 24

Chemical results in alertness and energy

Biogenic amine

Question 25

Serotonin

Answer 25

Controls feeding and sleep behaviors

Biogenic amine

Question 26

Learning

Answer 26

The acquisition and storage of info as a consequence of experience

Question 27

Memory

Answer 27

Relatively permanent storage form of learned info

Brain processes,stores, and retrieves info in different ways for different needs

Question 28

Declarative memory

Answer 28

Associated with actual events in a person’s direct experience
Memories of facts and events

Question 29

Procedural memory

Answer 29

Associated knowledge of sequence of events and relationships b/w events
Memory how to do things