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A-LEVEL Geography - OW > Chapter 8 - Changing Places - Complete > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Changing Places - Complete Flashcards

1
Q

Define an insider?

A

Is someone who is familiar with a place and who feels welcome in that place.

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2
Q

Define an outsider?

A

Is someone who feels unwelcome or excluded from a place.

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3
Q

Define experienced place?

A

Are places that people have spent time in.

When a person visits or lives in a place their experiences shape their sense of that place.

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4
Q

Define media place?

A

Are places that people have not been to, but have created a sense of place for through their depiction in media.

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5
Q

Define near place?

A

Geographically near to where a person lives.

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6
Q

Define far place?

A

Geographically far to where a person lives.

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7
Q

Define endogenous?

A

The internal factors which shape a place’s character.

These can be physical or human.

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8
Q

Define exogenous?

A

The external factors which shape a place’s character.

Including the relationship to other places and the flows in and out of a place.

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9
Q

Name the 3 ENDOGENOUS PHYSICAL factors that influence a place?

A
  • Location
  • Topography
  • Physical geography
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10
Q

Name the 3 ENDOGENOUS HUMAN factors that influence a place?

A
  • Land use
  • Built environment and infrastructure
  • Demographic and economic characteristics
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11
Q

Define LOCATION for ENDOGENOUS PHYSICAL factors that influence a place?

A

Refers to where a place is (coast, inland, rural, urban)

Its features due to its location (beach, river, big city, farmland)

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12
Q

Define TOPOGRAPHY for ENDOGENOUS PHYSICAL that influences a place?

A

Refers to the shape of the landscape (flat, mountainous, steep slopes)

Flatland used for large-scale arable farming (crops)
Mountainous land suitable for pastoral farming (grazing animals)

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13
Q

Define PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY for ENDOGENOUS PHYSICAL factors that influence a place?

A

Refers to environmental features (Altitude, aspect, soil & rock type)

Igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic rocks form different landscapes.

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14
Q

Define LAND USE for ENDOGENOUS HUMAN factors that influence a place?

A

Refers to human activities that occur on the land (Farming, industry, leisure, residential use)

Rural for farming
Urban for businesses
The built environment, high-density buildings
Landuse over time

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15
Q

Define BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE for ENDOGENOUS HUMAN factors that influence a place?

A

Refers to aspects of places that are built by humans (transport, communications, services)

Roads, phone networks, airport, buildings, leisure centres, public buildings city centres, sports grounds, sewers, churches.

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16
Q

Define DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS for ENDOGENOUS HUMAN factors that influence a place?

A

Who lives in a place, what they’re like (age, gender, education level, religion, birth rates, ethnicity, population size)

Work, money, income, employment.
Older people go to the seaside.
Younger people live in the city for a better connection/education.

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17
Q

Name the 4 EXOGENOUS factors that influence a place?

A
  • Location of other places
  • Tourism
  • Flows of investment
  • Migration
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18
Q

Define LOCATION OF OTHER PLACES for EXOGENOUS factors that influence a place?

A

Villages and towns outside major cities are commuter settlements - People live in small villages but commute to large cities for employment.

19
Q

Define TOURISM for EXOGENOUS factors that influence a place?

A

Land use and economic characteristics of major cities.

Tourism creates hotels, clubs, museums, sports centres.

20
Q

Define FLOWS OF INVESTMENT for EXOGENOUS factors that influence a place?

A

Companies HQ in one country and factory in another, spreading investment and around the area of the factory - employment at the factory.

21
Q

Define MIGRATION for EXOGENOUS factors that influence a place?

A

Places have ethnically diverse population - due to migration. Gives places unique demographic characteristics.

Birmingham - 27% Asian descent.

22
Q

Define 4 external flows causing places to change?

A
  • Historically, the character of place changes affected by endogenous factors.
  • Original place affected by exogenous factors.
  • Flows of people, money, resources - improvements in transport and communication.
  • How factors affected demographic or cultural characteristics.
23
Q 
Define 3 demographic changes caused by shifting flows?
Flows of:
people
money & investment
ideas & resources
A
  • FLOWS OF PEOPLE (age, gender) migration of people.
  • FLOWS OF MONEY & INVESTMENT (governments, businesses) Money attracts people, increase population in certain area.
  • FLOWS OF IDEAS & RESOURCES (birth control, population size) spreading awareness of birth control to LICS.
24
Q 
Define 2 flows affecting cultural characteristics of a place?
Flows of:
people
money & investment
ideas & resources
A
  • FLOWS OF PEOPLE (people moving homes, visiting places) bring culture and influence places to change.
  • FLOWS OF MONEY, INVESTMENT & IDEAS (cultural ideas) fast food in UAS spread to rest of the world (McDonald’s, KFC, Starbucks)
25
Q 
Define 3 flows affecting economic characteristics of a place?
Flows of:
people
money & investment
ideas & resources
A
  • FLOWS OF PEOPLE (tourist destination) fishing, attractions, beach, buildings, statues. Service-based jobs (Hosptial, restaurant, shops)
  • FLOWS OF RESOURCES (local products, natural resources) locally, regionally, global markets, Imports & exports, employment.
  • FLOWS OF MONEY & INVESTMENT (pros and cons of economic characteristics) global markets decline, damaged economies.
26
Q 
Define 3 flows affecting social inequality?
Flows of:
people
money & investment
ideas & resources
A
  • FLOWS OF PEOPLE (migration rural to urban) people in slums move to cities. Better quality of life, more employment.
  • FLOWS OF RESOURCES (outward flow of natural resources) oil extracted and exported around the world. Money goes to wealthy few people, poor people stay poor and bad quality of life.
  • FLOWS OF MONEY & INVESTMENT (Gentrification) improved social characteristics, increase inequality. Deprived areas of London not as deprived now.
27
Q

Define 3 government policies driving changes in a place?

A
  • Affect demographic characteristics of a place (control population)
  • Affect cultural characteristics (controlling migration)
  • Affect demographic, economic and social characteristics (regenerating run-down areas, increase population, re-build houses)
28
Q

Define 4 decisions of transnational corporation driving changes in a place?

A
  • Affect demographic, economic, social characteristics.
  • Investment from TNC’s economic boost, more jobs created.
  • More migrants
  • Relocated factories to LICs.
29
Q

Define 2 global institutions driving changes in a place?

A
  • World food programme (WFP) - provides food assistance as emergency aid.
  • World Bank - invests in/sets up projects around the world to reduce poverty.
30
Q

Define 2 old & new connections which shape a place?

A

Old connections - Sea trade, rivers.

New connections - Air travel, Internet

31
Q

Define the representation of place?

A

Is how individuals or organisations portray places they know about to others.

32
Q

Define 3 strategies to alter perceptions of a place?
P M
R
R

A
  • Place marketing (‘sell’ the place to people), visit the place or move there.
  • Reimaging (changing existing negative perceptions of places) Build new buildings, change look.
  • Rebranding (new identity that is appealing) Create logos, slogans to be instantly recognised and create positive associations.
33
Q

Define the statistics for representing a place?

A
  • Census data, is quantitative information (population, income, graphs)
  • Don’t show the sense of place
34
Q

Define maps for representing a place?

A
  • Show data and location, physical features and quantitative demographic and economic data.
  • Some qualitative data to show happiness, sense of place.
  • Old maps may be inaccurate.
35
Q

Define films, photography & art for representing a place?

A
  • Visual representations of a place, could be misleading, might not be accurate of the place.
  • Photos only show at given moment.
  • Films shows nature of place behind story being told.
  • Paintings less reliable, not descriptive enough.
36
Q

Define stories, articles, music & poetry for representing a place?

A
  • Written describe places, how it feels, perspective of the author, doesn’t show complete picture.
  • Articles have lots of detail about place, usually biased.
  • Stores, music & poetry give emotional impression of place from writers perspective.
37
Q

Define a case study of physical regeneration?

A

London Docklands Development Corporation

38
Q

Define a case study of re-imaging?

A

Liverpool

39
Q

Define a case study of re-branding?

A

Amsterdam

40
Q

Define a case study of place marketing?

A

Lake District

41
Q

Define your local place case study?

A

Oxford

42
Q

Define your far place case study?

A

Torquay

Brick Lane (London)

43
Q

Define a case study of government policies for urban regeneration?

A

London Docklands Development Corporation

44
Q

Define 3 case studies for global institutions?

A

UN (Millenium Development Goals)
World Bank
IMF

A-LEVEL Geography - OW (6 decks)

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