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Biology > Chapter 8 (Cell Reproduction) > Flashcards

Chapter 8 (Cell Reproduction) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of histones

A

Maintain the shape of the chromosome and aid in the tight packing of DNA

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2
Q

Chromatid

A

Halves of a chromosome they form as the DNA makes a copy of itself before cell division

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3
Q

Centromere

A

Where two chromatids of a chromosome are attached it also holds the two chromatids together until they separate during cell division

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4
Q

What is the shape of prokaryotic chromosomes

A

Consist of a circular DNA molecule

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5
Q

What is the shape of a eukaryotic chromosome

A

More complicated than in prokaryotes

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6
Q

Adder’s Tongue fern

A

1,262

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7
Q

Carrot

A

18

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8
Q

Cat

A

32

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9
Q

Chimpanzee

A

48

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10
Q

Dog

A

78

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11
Q

Earthworm

A

36

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12
Q

Fruit Fly

A

8

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13
Q

Garden Pea

A

20

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14
Q

Gorilla

A

48

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15
Q

Horse

A

64

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16
Q

Human

A

46

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17
Q

Lettuce

A

18

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18
Q

Orangutan

A

48

19
Q

Sand Dollar

A

52

20
Q

Sex Chromosomes

A

Chromosomes that determine the sex or gender of an organism

21
Q

Autosomes

A

All the chromosomes in an organism besides the sex cells

22
Q

How do we determine if an organism is male or female

A

By looking at their chromosomes

23
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

They are the same size and shape and carry genes for the same traits

24
Q

Homologous

A

Another name for homologous chromosomes

25
Q

Karyotype

A

A pictomicrograph of the chromosomes in a normal dividing cell found in a human

26
Q

In what phase of mitosis is the karyotype made

A

Metaphase

27
Q

Diploid

A

Cells having two sets of chromosomes

28
Q

Haploid

A

Sperm cells and egg cells haploid a are cells that only contain one set of chromosomes

29
Q

Binary Fission

A

The division of a prokaryotic cell into two off-spring cells

30
Q

What units compose a DNA Molecule

A

Nucleotides or Chromosomes

31
Q

Mitosis

A

the division of the nucleus

32
Q

Meiosis

A

process of nuclear division where the chromosomes are reduced to half in the new cell

33
Q

Cell Cycle

A 
Cell Growth
  DNA is copied
  Growth and preparation for cell division
  Mitosis
  Cytokineses
  Repeat
34
Q

Interphase

A

The time between cell division

35
Q

G1 Phase

A

The first growth phase after sythesis

36
Q

G2 Phase

A

The time where the cell prepares for division

37
Q

G0 Phase

A

When cells exit the cell cycle

38
Q

S Phase

A

The cells DNA is copied during this phase

39
Q

cytokineses

A

the division of the cells cytoplasm

40
Q

Prophase

A

the first phase of mitosis begins with the shortening and tight coiling of DNA into rod shaped chromosomes

41
Q

Centrioles

A

small cylindrical bodies inside the centrosome

42
Q

centrosomes

A

Two dark spots that appear near the disappearing nucleus

43
Q

Spindle Fibers

A

radiate from the centrosomes in preparation for metaphase

44
Q

Kinetochore Fibers

A

another type of spindle fiber

Biology (5 decks)

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