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Biology > Chapter 10 (DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis) > Flashcards

Chapter 10 (DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis) Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid

A

Carries the genetic code for the production of proteins from one generation to another

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2
Q

deoxyribose

A

pentagonal shaped sugar

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3
Q

Nitrogenous bases of DNA

A

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine

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4
Q

DNA nucleotide

A

monomers of nucleic acid

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5
Q

DNA purines

A

double ringed A & G

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6
Q

DNA pyrimidines

A

single ring C & T

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7
Q

shape of DNA

A

double helix

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8
Q

Watson & Crick

A

The people given credit for determining the shape of DNA

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9
Q

Franklin & Wilkins

A

x-rayed photographs of DNA crystals to determine the shape of DNA

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10
Q

complementary base pairs of DNA

A

Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Adenine

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11
Q

base-pairing rules of DNA

A

a specific purine base will bond with a specific pyrimidine base

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12
Q

significance of the X-ray photographs of Franklin & Wilkins

A

They found out what the shape of the DNA actually was

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13
Q

DNA replication

A

The process of making a duplicate copy of DNA

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14
Q

polymer

A

is a large molecule composed of many individual repeating units

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15
Q

monomer

A

the individual repeating units composing a polymer

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16
Q

replication fork

A

results from the function of an enzyme referred to as helicase

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17
Q

helicases

A

function to break hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases

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18
Q

DNA polymerases

A

enzymes that add DNA nucleotides to the separated DNA strands in order to produce 2 identical molecules of DNA

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19
Q

be able to produce the missing half of a DNA molecule

A

A-T
G-C
C-G
T-A

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20
Q

what is the accuracy rate of proper nucleotide pairing during DNA replication

A

1 error in 10,000 Nucleotides

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21
Q

mutation

A

errors that occur when producing identical DNA strands

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22
Q

Where is DNA found

A

In the Nucleus of the cell

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23
Q

Where are proteins produced

A

Ribsomes

24
Q

Ribonucleic Acid

A

composed of a 5 carbon ribose sugar

25
Q

RNA nucleotide

A

composed of a 5 carbon ribose ring

26
Q

ribose

A

z

27
Q

RNA purines

A

aa

28
Q

RNA pyrimidines

A

bb

29
Q

complementary base of RNA

A

cc

30
Q

messenger RNA

A

dd

31
Q

transfer RNA

A

ee

32
Q

ribosomal RNA

A

ff

33
Q

transcription

A

the process of producing a near copy of the DNA code that serves as the code ribosomes use to produce proteins

34
Q

RNA polymerase

A

The enzyme primarily responsible for transcription

35
Q

promoters

A

Transcription begins at a region along the DNA strand

36
Q

termination signal

A

Transcription continues until the RNA polymerase reaches the section of the antisense strand

37
Q

antisense strand of DNA

A

Termination Strand

38
Q

gene

A

section of DNA that codes for a particular protein

39
Q

protein sythesis

A

The function of producing proteins

40
Q

protein function

A

1

41
Q

genetic code

A

the code for the production of all the proteins of a living thing

42
Q

codon

A

The genetic code is carried on mRNA by a series of 3-letter code words composed of 3 nucleotide bases

43
Q

How many codes can be made with the four different nucleotides of mRNA

A

64

44
Q

start codon

A

AUG

45
Q

stop codons

A

UAA
UAG
UGA

46
Q

If given a codon of mRNA, be able to understand how it is decoded into an amino acid

A

1

47
Q

translation

A

process of assembly of polypeptides from the mRNA code

48
Q

ribosome function during protein sythesis

A

1

49
Q

tRNA anticodons

A

ww

50
Q

base pairing rules of transcription and translation

A

xx

51
Q

If given a mRNA codon, be able to list the tRNA anticodon that is its compliment

A

yy

52
Q

peptide bond

A

zz

53
Q

polypeptide

A

aaa

54
Q

How many amino acids are necessary for you to produce all of your proteins

A

bbb

55
Q

Study all of the diagrams given in class!!!

A

kkk

Biology (5 decks)

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