Chapter 5 (Homeostasis and Cell Transport)

Question 1

Passive Transport

Answer 1

Some substances can move across the cell membrane with out using cellular energy

Question 2

How do molecules use kinetic energy to move in nature

Answer 2

Molecules move from an area where they are greatly concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated

Question 3

How are the states of matter related to molecular kinetic energy

Answer 3

High kinetic energy means large molecular spacing while low kinetic energy means small molecular spacing

Question 4

Diffusion

Answer 4

When molecules move from a highly concentrated area to a low concentrated area

Question 5

Concentration Gradient

Answer 5

the difference in concentration of molecules across a space

Question 6

Molecular movement up the concentration gradient

Answer 6

It is called active transport and it is where moleccules move from low to high it also requires cellular energy

Question 7

Molecular movement down the concentration gradient

Answer 7

It is called passive transport and it is where molecules move from high to low it also requires no cellular energy

Question 8

Equilibrium

Answer 8

The concentration of molecules is equal throughout the substance

Question 9

What 3 factors influence simple diffusion of molecules across the membrane

Answer 9

1.size
2.type
3,chemical nature

Question 10

Osmosis

Answer 10

diffusion of water across a cell membrane

Question 11

Purifying water with membranes

Answer 11

water passes rapidly across the cell membrane and this purifies the water

Question 12

Concentrated Solution

Answer 12

great quantity of solute dissolved in a given volume of solvent

Question 13

Dilute Solution

Answer 13

solution with little dissolved solute in a given quantity of solvent

Question 14

Solvent

Answer 14

substance in which the solute is dissolved

Question 15

Solute

Answer 15

substances that are dissolved in the solvent of a solution

Question 16

Osmotic Balance

Answer 16

the equilibrium resulting from osmosis

Question 17

Describe cells in a isotonic solution

Answer 17

no significant movement of molecules

Question 18

What occurs when cells are placed in isotonic solutions

Answer 18

water molecules move at the same rate in both directions

Question 19

Describe cells in a hypertonic solution

Answer 19

Significant movement of water out of the cell

Question 20

What occurs if a blood cell is placed into a hypertonic environment

Answer 20

The animal cell shrivels up from lack of water

Question 21

What occurs if a plant cell is placed into a hypertonic environment

Answer 21

Plasmolysis where the cytoplasm shrinks away from the cell wall due to water loss from the central vacuole

Question 22

Describe cells in a hypotonic solution

Answer 22

Cytolysis

Question 23

What occurs when a cell is placed into a hypotonic environment

Answer 23

the cell bursts open from to much water this is known as cytolysis

Question 24

Why are plant cells able to exist naturally in hypotonic environments

Answer 24

they have cell walls

Question 25

How do some unicellular organisms respond to a hypotonic environment in order to preserve their equilibrium

Answer 25

They use the contractile vacuole that pumps water out of the cell

Question 26

Contractile Vacuoles

Answer 26

prevents cellular damage due to excessive internal water pressure

Question 27

Turgor Pressure

Answer 27

water pressure inside a cell

Question 28

Plasmolysis

Answer 28

occurs when a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic environment and the cytoplasm shrinks away from the cell wall

Question 29

What would cause plasmolysis to occur in plant cells

Answer 29

Being placed in a hypertonic environment

Question 30

Cytolysis

Answer 30

Bursting of an animal cell as a result of being placed in a hypotonic environment

Question 31

Why does cytolysis occur in animal cells

Answer 31

They do not have cell walls

Question 32

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 32

passive process of moving large molecules through the cell membrane

Question 33

Carrier Proteins

Answer 33

Bind with specific molecules, Changing their shape and sheilding them from the hydrophobic interior of the cell membrane

Question 34

ion channels

Answer 34

may be used as a form of passive transport

Question 35

active transport

Answer 35

When molecules move low to high in the concentration gradient

Question 36

cell membrane pumps

Answer 36

use carrier proteins to move substances from low to high concentrations across the cell membrane