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Pharm I > Chapter 8 - Cardiovascular System Drugs > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Cardiovascular System Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Gets rid of excess Na

A

Diuretics

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2
Q

Drug of choice for edema with CHF
Loop diuretic
Inhibits 25% of the Na absorbed by kidneys
Side effects: electrolyte imbalance, hypokalemia

A

Furosemide

Lasix

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3
Q

Works on the DCT
Increases sodium and water excretion
Side effects: electrolyte imbalance and hypokalemia

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

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4
Q

Potassium sparing diuretic
Works in the DCT by blocking aldosterone (sodium absorption)
Used for heart failure and ascites

A

Spironolactone

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5
Q

These drugs increase or decrease the force of contraction

A

Inotropic agents

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6
Q

AKA Cardiac Glycoside

A

Digoxin

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7
Q

Used for CHF
Positive inotrope (increases contraction)
Vasodilator
Can cause hypotension

A

Pimobendan (Vetmedin)

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8
Q

Used to decrease hypertension

A

Antihypertensive agents

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9
Q

The cascade of events every time the body raises BP

A

Renin-Angiotensin System

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10
Q

9 steps to the Renin-angiotensin system

A
  1. Low BP is detected
  2. Renin gets released into the blood from kidneys
  3. Renin travels to the liver and converts it to aniotensinogen I
  4. Angiotensin I travels to lungs
  5. Alveolar cells convert Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II by using ACE
  6. Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction
  7. Angiotensin causes aldosterone release
  8. ADH is released
  9. As BP increases, blood flow to kidneys increases and renin decreases
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11
Q

Used to decrease BP with CHF by blocking the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
Promotes dilation of vessels
Most commonly and widely used for hypertension
Enalapril and Benazapril

A

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

AKA ACE inhibitors

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12
Q

Used to decrease BP by dilating arteries

Side effects: hypotension, tachycardia, GI upset

A

Arteriole dilators

Hydralazine (Apresoline)

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13
Q

Used to decrease BP by dilating veins

A

Venodilators

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14
Q

A common venodilator ointment used in veterinary medicine

A

Nitroglycerin

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15
Q

Used to decrease BP and <3 contraction
Treats dog and cat hypertension
Blocks Ca w/in the myocardium
Can cause hypotension

A

Ca Channel Blockers

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16
Q

Amiodipine
Verapamil
Diltiazem

A

Ca Channel Blockers

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17
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitters that are naturally produced by the body
Can be given to increase HR, force, blood glucose, and BP

A

Catecholamines

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18
Q

4 Catecholamine receptors

A
  1. Alpha I
  2. Alpha II
  3. Beta I
  4. Beta II
19
Q

Which catecholamine receptor is within peripheral blood vessels?

A

Alpha I

20
Q

The catecholamine receptor that is found in the area of synapse

A

Alpha II

21
Q

Catecholamine receptor found in the heart

A

Beta I

22
Q

Catecholamine receptor found in the lungs

A

Beta II

23
Q

Used for anaphylaxis and cardiac arrest
Targets all adrenergic receptors
Different dosing for each route
EMERGENCIES ONLY

A

Epinephrine

24
Q

Used for acute heart failure at a CRI
Beta I and Alpha I only
EMERGENCIES ONLY

A

Dopamine

25
Q

Stabilizes to a normal heart rhythm

4 Classes of these drugs

A

Antiarrythmics

26
Q

Arrhythmia above the ventricles

A

Supraventricular

27
Q

Arrhythmia with the ventricles or valves

A

ventricular

28
Q

Blocks Na+ and rests the heart

Lidocaine and Quinidine

A

Class I Antiarrhythmics

29
Q 
AKA Beta Blockers
Beta adrenergic blocking agents
Used for any type of tachycardia
Highly protein bound
Ex: propanolol and atenolol
A

Class II Antiarrythmics

30
Q

Beta blocker
Used to treat ventricular tachycardia
Ex: sotalol

A

Class III Antiarrthymics

31
Q

Ca channel blockers
Slows contractions and HR
Diltiazem

A

Class IV Antiarrhytmics

32
Q

Blood thinners that block one or more factors on the coagulation cascade

A

Anticoagulants

33
Q

Used for blood tubes, transfusions, thromboembolisms, and pts with DIC
Interferes with the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
Inj. only

A

Heparin

34
Q

Counteracts Heparin overdose

A

Protamine sulfate

35
Q

Binds to Ca and other minerals and metals
Lavender top tubes
Inj. form is used in the treatment of lead poisoning and cardiac glycoside toxicity

A

Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid

EDTA

36
Q

Binds Vitamin K and inhibits formation of prothrombin

Side effects include bleeding and weakness

A

Coumarin Derivatives

Warfarin

37
Q

Anti-platelet activity by inhibiting thromboxane production (sticky substance on platelets)
Prevents thromboembolisms in pts with Heartworm Dz

A

Aspirin

38
Q

When dosing a cat with aspirin they should receive

A

Baby aspirin

81 mg q 72 hrs

39
Q

Allows blood to clot

A

Parenteral Hemostatic agents

40
Q

Involved in the clotting cascade
Naturally occuring
Used in the treatment of rodenticide toxicity or bleeding disorders
Not used for acute traumatic bleeding (6-12 hrs to produce clotting factors)

A

Vitamin K

41
Q

Man made form of Vitamin K

A

Phytonadione

42
Q

Used to supplement anemia

A

Iron

43
Q

Hormone made by the kidneys
Stimulates bone marrow to produce RBCs
Used to treat anemia in pts with CRF

A

Erythropoietin

Pharm I (7 decks)

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