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Pharm I > Chapers 1, 2, & 3 > Flashcards

Chapers 1, 2, & 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The study of drugs

A

Pharmacology

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2
Q

Treatment of DZ with medicines

A

Pharmacotherapy

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3
Q

Field of medicine that studies drug use in the treatment of disease

A

Pharmacotherapeutics

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4
Q

The “motion” of drugs

A

Pharmacokinetics

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5
Q

The study of mechanisms of action of a drug and involves understanding the interactions between the chemical components of living systems and the drugs that enter those systems

A

Pharmacodynamics

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6
Q

Covers biologics such as vaccines, antitoxins, etc

A

USDA

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7
Q

Covers pesticides

A

EPA

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8
Q

Approves drugs and advises medical professionals of its side effects. It also regulates prescription drugs and studies controlled substances and determines their abuse potential

A

FDA

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9
Q

Started a system of regulating drug dosing

Drugs must be adequately tested to demonstrate it’s safety when used as the label directs

A

Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938

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10
Q

Created to denote a prescription for drugs

A

Durham-Humphrey Amendment of 1951

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11
Q

Organized all animal regulations to one section of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

A

Animal Drug Amendments of 1968

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12
Q

Allowed vets to prescribe as extra-label use for animals under specific circumstances

A

Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA)

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13
Q

Intended to provide drugs for those less common species and indications

A

Minor Use and Minor Species Health Act of 2001

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14
Q

What does FDA-CVM stand for?

A

The FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine

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15
Q

Ensures that the approved veterinary medicines will not harm animals or at least the harm a drug produces will be outweighed by its benefits

A

FDA-CVM

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16
Q

Little potential for toxicity when taken as directed
Don’t require special administration
May mask underlying conditions and make diagnosing difficult
Can create drug interactions

A

OTC products

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17
Q

Potentially dangerous because of toxicity concerns
Administration can be difficult
Vet/Client/Pt relatioship must exist
Caution: The Federal law restricts the use of this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian

A

Prescription drugs

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18
Q

The use of a drug in a manner not specifically described on the FDA-approved label

A

Extra-Label

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19
Q

FDA’s Role In New Drug Development

5 steps

A
  1. Companies submit an INAD application to the FDA
  2. Company supplies scientific support for the INAD
  3. Clinical trials are performed
  4. Drug manufacturers apply for a NADA
  5. New drugs are then approved or dismissed
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20
Q

The specific amount of a drug that produces a desired effect

A

Dose

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21
Q

Dose that produces the desired effect in 50% of the population that take it

A

Effective Dose

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22
Q

Dose that kills 50% of population that take it

A

Lethal Dose

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23
Q

The 6 Pt Rights

A
  1. Right drug
  2. Right dose
  3. Right time
  4. Right route
  5. Right Pt
  6. Right documentations
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24
Q

The dose that produces a desired effect

A

Therapeutic Range

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25
Q

When the drug starts working (enters the plasma)

A

Onset of Action

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26
Q

Length of time a drug produces a desired effect

A

Duration of Action

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27
Q

Factors involved in staying within the drug’s therapeutic range

A
  1. Route
  2. Absorption
  3. Distribution
  4. Metabolism
  5. Elimination
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28
Q

Given by a route other than GI

A

Parenteral

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29
Q

Orally given

A

Non-parenteral

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30
Q

2 Syringe tips

A

Slip-Tip

Slip-Lok

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31
Q

Hub is off to the side

A

Eccentric tip

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32
Q

Hub is thicker and longer

A

Catheter tip

33
Q

Holds up to 1mL of medication

A

Tuberculin

34
Q

Measures in units instead of mLs

A

Insulin

35
Q

2 types of Insulin syringes

A 
Orange = uL100
Red = uL40
36
Q

Fastest route of injection
Immediate
Aqueous solutions and emulsions

A

IV

37
Q

Contains 2 chemicals that cant be mixed

A

Emulsion

38
Q

Slower than IV route
No more than 2mL
Drug could cause pain

A

IM

39
Q

Slow absorption but faster than oral
Give in the hypodermis of skin
NOTHING CAUSTIC

A

SQ

40
Q

Fast and even distribution
Low binding to udder tissue
Usually used in lg. animals

A

Intramammary

41
Q

Almost as immediate as IV
Gas particles enter the alveoli and enters bloodstream
Treats local respiratory conditions

A

Inhalation

42
Q

Liquid to a gas; used in gas anesthetics

A

Volatilized

43
Q

Liquid to a spray; Bronchodilators/antibiotics

A

Nebulized

44
Q

Suspended in a solvent and packaged under pressure

A

Aerosol

45
Q

Suspended in a water-oil emulsion

A

Cream

46
Q

Suspended in a semisolid or jelly like substance

A

Gel

47
Q

Suspended in an oily, soapy, or alcohol bases substance applied with friction

A

Liniment

48
Q

Suspended in a liquid for dabbing, brushing, or dripping on the skin without friction

A

Lotion

49
Q

Suspended in a semisolid, lipid based preparation that melts at body temperature

A

Ointment

50
Q

Drug suspended in semisolid preparation that retains its state at body temperature

A

Paste

51
Q

Suspended in a powder for external lubrication or absorption

A

Powder

52
Q

Mucosal absorption
Slower than oral
Ex: suppositories, antiemetic, anticonvulsants, analgesics

A

Rectal

53
Q

Delivered systemically through a patch on the skin
Plasma levels stay constant
Can cause skin irritation

A

Transdermal

54
Q 
Scored vs. Unscored
Enteric coated
Sustained release
Molded
Capsules
A

Tablets

55
Q

Do not break

A

Unscored

56
Q

Can break

A

Scored

57
Q

Coated with stomach to bypass stomach to be broken down

Don’t mix with antacids or milk

A

Enteric coated

58
Q

Releases drugs over period of time

Usually allergy medications

A

Sustained Release

59
Q

Chewables

A

Molded

60
Q

Surrounded by gelatin shell

Powder or liquid form of medication

A

Capsule

61
Q

Dissolved in liquid
Do not separate
Flavoring added

A

Solutions

62
Q

85% sucrose

A

syrups

63
Q

Mixed with sweetened alcohol

A

Elixers

64
Q

Finely divided, undissolved substance in water
SHAKE WELL
Do not give IV

A

Suspensions

65
Q

Fine droplets of water in oil or oil in water

SHAKE WELL

A

Emulsions

66
Q

The ____________ can affect drug concentration in the body

A

Liver

67
Q

Amount of drug administered at one time to achieve the desired effect

A

Dose

68
Q

Initial dose of a drug given to get the drug concentration to therapeutic range in a short period of time

A

Loading Dose

69
Q

Dose of a drug that maintains the drug at therapeutic range

A

Maintenance dose

70
Q

Total amount of a drug received in 24 hrs

A

Total Daily Dose

71
Q

The amount of drug per animal species body weight

A

Dosage

72
Q

Too much of the medicine

A

Outright overdose

73
Q

Gave recommended amount but it was too much

A

Relative overdose

74
Q

Normal effects we expect to see

A

Side Effects

75
Q

Unwanted side effect

A

Adverse side effect

76
Q

Misdiagnosis

A

Incorrect Treatment

77
Q

What can reverse narcotics?

A

Naloxone

78
Q

How to treat a drug toxicity

A
  1. Removal of offending drug
  2. Enhance drug removal by the animal
  3. Conteract with antidote
  4. Provide symptomatic care

Pharm I (7 decks)

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