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Pharm I > Chapter 11, GI Drugs > Flashcards

Chapter 11, GI Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

When animal brings up undigested food

A

Regurgitation

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2
Q

When an animal expels digested food

A

Vomiting

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3
Q

Decreases salivary flow
Secondary to anesthetic drug use
Causes dry eye, dry mouth, and urine retention
Decreases GI motility

Glycopyrrolate(Robinol)
Atropine(Atropine injectable)

A

Antisialogues

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4
Q

Prevent diarrhea

A

Antidiarrheals

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5
Q

5 types of antidiarrheals

A
  1. Anticholingergics
  2. Protectants/Adsorbents
  3. Opiate/Narcotic analgesics
  4. Probiotics
  5. Anaerobic antibiotics
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6
Q

Block acetylcholine and reduces GI motility

A

Anticholinergics

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7
Q

Atropine, Aminopentamide, and Propantheline are examples of

A

Anticholinergics (an antidiarrheal)

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8
Q

Coats the lining of the stomach

A

Protectants

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9
Q

Magnet for toxins, bind to anything in the gut (gases, toxins, and drug molecules)

A

Adsorbents

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10
Q

You should give a protectant or adsorbent ____________ after other medications

A

1/2 hr-1hr

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11
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate, Kaolin/pectin, and activated charcoal are examples of

A

Protectants and Adsorbents

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12
Q

Coats intestinal mucosa, as a protectant
Has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects
Should not be used in cats

A

Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol0

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13
Q

Why shouldn’t Bismuth Subsalicylate be used in cats?

A

It has aspirin-like products

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14
Q

Give after other medications because it’s an adsorbent
Acts as an adsorbent and protectant
Should not be used in cats

A

Kaolin/Pectin

Kaopectolin

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15
Q

Adsorbent
Fine, black, tasteless powder to absorb many chemicals and drugs in the upper GI tract
Used when ingestion of toxin and vomiting is contraindicated

A 
Activated charcoal
(Liqui-char, Toxiban)
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16
Q

These antidiarrheals should be taken at the same time every day
Replenishes normal flora in the gut
Can contain live cultures, so they should be refrigerated

A

Probiotics

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17
Q

Lactobacillus sp.
Enterococcus sp.
and Bifidobacterium are examples of

A

normal flora in the gut

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18
Q

Antibiotic/antidiarrheal

Used to treat canine diarrhea and IBD

A

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

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19
Q

Used to evacuate the bowels without excessive straining, treat nondietary constipation, and move intestinal blockages

A

Laxatives

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20
Q

5 types of laxatives

A
  1. Osmotics
  2. Stimulants
  3. Bulk forming
  4. Emollients
  5. Cathartics
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21
Q

Sodium phosphate with sodium bupophosphate is AKA

A

Fleet Enema

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22
Q

Fleet Enemas shouldn’t be used on _____ because they are sensitive to Na imbalances

A

cats

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23
Q

Fleet Enemas, magnesium hydroxide, lactulose, and magnesium sulfate are all examples of

A

Osmotic laxatives

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24
Q

Magnesium hydroxide are AKA

A

Milk of Magnesia

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25
Q

Osmotic laxative used to eject feline hairballs

A

Lactulose

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26
Q

Magnesium sulfate AKA

A

Epsom salts

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27
Q

Stimulant that can be an enteric coated tablet or suppository

A

bisacodyl (Docolax)

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28
Q

Stimulant that is ricinoleic acid that causes abdominal cramping and diarrhea

A

Castor oil

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29
Q

This type of laxative increases water in the stool and adds fiber
Causes flatulence

A

Bulkforming

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30
Q

Bran, psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid(metamucil), and polycarbophil are examples of

A

Bulk-forming laxatives

31
Q

These laxatives contain petroleum and used as a paste
Lubricants and stool softeners
Ex: Laxatone and catlax

A

Emollients

32
Q

These drugs stop vomiting

A

Antiemetics

33
Q

Ruminants, horses, rabbits, rats, and mice should not/can’t

A

vomit

34
Q

The vomiting center of the brain is located in

A

the medulla oblongata

35
Q

5 Neurotransmitters for the medulla oblongata/vomiting

A
  1. Serotonin
  2. Dopamine
  3. Acetylcholine
  4. Histamine
  5. Substance P
36
Q

Found inside the blood brain barrier that responds to stimuli from CSF or blood
Detects changes and stimulates the vomiting center

A

Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CRTZ)

37
Q

Most widely used antiemetics in veterinary medicine

A

Phenothiazine derivatives

38
Q

Inhibits dopamine and lowers the seizure threshold

A

Phenothiazine derivatives

39
Q

Used to aid motion sickness, vaccine reactions, and inner ear problems

A

Antihistamines

40
Q

acepromazine, chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine, perphenazine

A

Phenothiazine derivatives

41
Q

Diphenhydramine, meclizine, and dimenhydrinate are examples of

A

Antihistamines

42
Q

Drying agents that block acetylcholine peripherally
Lowers intestinal motility and secretions
Not the go-to drugs for antiemetics

aminopentamide
atropine
propantheline

A

Anticholinergics

43
Q

Block dopamine receptors in the CRTZ and lower gastroesophageal reflux (acid reflux)
Used to treat motion sickness and prevent and control vomiting
Should not be used with GI bleeding, perforations, or obstructions

metaclopramide (reglan)

A

Procainamide derivatives

44
Q

Inhibits substance P
Used extra-labelly in cats

maropitant citrate (cerenia)

A

Neurokinin (n1) receptor antagonists

45
Q

These drugs are used for the treatment of poisoning and drug overdoses
Check with poison control before administering
Do not use for caustic agents that were ingested
Can be centrally acting or peripherally acting

A

Emetics

46
Q

Apomorphine and xylazine are examples of

A

Centrally Acting emetics

47
Q

Stimulates dopamine at the CRTZ
Given peripherally or subconjunctivally
Causes dry heaving

A

Apomorphine

48
Q

Emetic of choice for cats

Mechanism of action is not fully understood

A

xylazine

49
Q

A peripherally acting emetic that is OTC oral
Works within 10-30 minutes
Not recommended because of it’s horrible palatability

A

Syrup of Ipecac

50
Q

A home remedy used to induce vomiting

Max dose should be 2 Tbsp

A

Hydrogen Peroxide

51
Q

An erosion of the GI tract

A

ulcer

52
Q

Antacids, Histamine 2 antagonists, mucosal protective drugs, prostaglandinanalogs, proton pump inhibitors are

A

Ulcer Stopping Drugs

Antiulcers

53
Q

Neutralizes HCl and decreases pepsin activity
Do not coat the ulcer and interact with other drugs

magnesium hydroxide
aluminum/magnesium hydroxide
aluminum hydroxide

A

Antacids

54
Q

Causes electrolyte imbalance and is contraindicated in pts with renal dz

A

Milk of Magnesia (magnesium hydroxide)

55
Q

Given to patients who have hyperphosphatemia

A

Amphojel (aluminum hydroxide)

56
Q

Block the production of acid by decreasing acid secretions

cimetidine
ranitidine
famotidine

A

H2 Blockers

57
Q

First H2 blocker developer

A

Tagament (cimetidine)

58
Q

H2 Blocker that is Potent, longer duration of action

A

Zantac (ranitidine)

59
Q

Potent H2 blocker

A

famotidine (pepcid)

60
Q

These drugs act as a bandaid for damaged mucosa
Be sure to administer antacids before
Can cause constipation

sucralfate (carafate)

A

Mucosal Protective Drugs

61
Q

Given in 1 gram tablets, usually dissolved in water

A

sucralfate (carafate)

62
Q

Supresses gastric secretions and increases mucosa production in the GI tract
Given to animals on NSAIDS to prevent ulcers
DO NOT HANDLE WHEN PREGNANT

misopostal (cytotec)

A

Prostaglandin analogs

63
Q

Inhibits hydrogen transport into the stomach so that the cells can not secrete HCl
Decreases acid production so the stomach and esophagus can heal

omeprazole (prilosec)
lansoprazole (prevacid)

A

Proton Pump Inhibitors

64
Q

This Proton Pump Inhibitor is time released to treat gastroesophageal ulcers
Horses can use this

A

Prilosec (omeprazole)

65
Q

Used extra label to treat gastroesophageal ulcers

A

prevacid (lansoprazole)

66
Q

Prokinetic agents that enhance the passage of intraluminal contents of the GI tract
Can also be used as antiemetics

Parasympathomimetic agents
Dopaminergic antagonists
Sertonergic agents

A

Motility enhancing

67
Q

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and Cholinergics are examples of these types of motility enhancing drugs

A

Parasympathomimetic agents

68
Q

These types of Parasympathomimetic agents compete with acetylcholine for acetylcholinestrase
Also increases salivation and intestinal tone

neostigmine (prostigmin)

A

Acetylcholinestrase inhibitors

69
Q

These motility enhancing drugs mimic the parasympathetic nervous system
Enhance acetylcholine

dexpanthenol

A

Cholinergics

70
Q

This drug treats intestinal distension or atony
Colic
Used after surgery to increase GI motility

A

dexpanthenol

71
Q

This type of GI Motility Enhancing drug blocks dopamine and increases acetylcholine
Stimulates the gastroesophageal sphincter, stomach, and intestinal motility by sensitizing tissues to the action of acetylcholine

metoclopramide (reglan)

A

Dopaminergic Antagonists

72
Q

This GI motility enhancing drug stimulates the gastroesophageal sphincter, stomach, small intestine, and colon

cisapride (propulsid)

A

Serotonic Agents

73
Q

Treats constipation and reflux

Serotonic agent

A

cisapride (propulsid)

74
Q

Used to treat pts with pancreatic exocrine deficiencies

A

Enzyme Supplements

Pharm I (7 decks)

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