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HS 1001 > Chapter 8: Cancer > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose, aim and goal of team Shan?

A

to educate the public, health care professionals and young women about early detection, risk reduction and prevention of breast cancer

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2
Q

In terms of health promotion, what was the target audience of team Shan?

A

young women because they are at risk more; to help them change their behaviours and understand how to better care for themselves

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3
Q

what are the Ontario public health standards foundational principles?

A
  • need for young women
  • impact on young women
  • capacity to do the work
  • partnership and collaboration
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4
Q

if the incidence of a cancer is very low in the general population or in a demographic group they are often ____ or ____” - Canadian cancer society

A

misdiagnosed or ignored

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5
Q

health professionals tend to assume the most ____ illness rather than the most ______ illness

A

common, devastating

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6
Q

almost __ / __ young adult cancers occur in young women and of these breast cancer is the ___ common

A

2/3, most common

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7
Q

there is scant data to support either an ____ causation or ____ causation of cancer in young adult women

A

environmental or genetic causation

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8
Q

what are the 5 most common cancer symptoms?

A
  • pain
  • significant weight loss
  • change in a mole
  • lump bump or swelling
  • extreme tiredness
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9
Q
  1. about ____ AYAs are diagnosed with cancer in Canada each year
  2. about __ young women diagnosed with breast cancer in Ontario per year
  3. __ of __ women in Canada will have breast cancer
A
  1. about 8,600 AYAs are diagnosed with cancer in Canada each year
  2. about 400 young women diagnosed with breast cancer in Ontario per year
  3. 1 of 8 women in Canada will have breast cancer
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10
Q

what is the slogan of team Shan?

A

breast cancer … not just a disease of older women

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11
Q

what are some prevention methods for breast cancer?

A
  • pap tests
  • HPV vaccine
  • reading team Shan websites
  • risk reduction
  • early detection
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12
Q

what are the 5 common signs of cancer

A
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13
Q

___/____ techniques were the most effective in awareness

A

media or marketing, public transit posters

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14
Q

about __% of Canadians will develop some type of cancer and cancer will be responsible for __ in __ deaths

A

about 50% of Canadians will develop some type of cancer and cancer will be responsible for 1 in 4 deaths

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15
Q

what is the difference between malignant vs benign tumours?

A

benign = non cancerous and can be dangerous only if their physical presence interferes with body functions –> cannot spread to other parts of the body

malignant tumour = cancerous and calls divide without control to provide an abnormal mass of cells –> can spread and invade other parts of the body

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16
Q

what is metastasis?

A

Metastasis is the spreading of cancer cells from one part of the body to another and occurs because cancer cells do not stick to each other as strongly as normal cells do and therefore may not remain at the site of the primary tumour

17
Q

once cancer cells enter the ____ system or the ____ it is difficult to stop their spread to other organs in the body

A

lymphatic system, bloodstream

18
Q

explain the stages of cancer

A

stage 0 = a precancerous change occurs
stage 1 = tumour is small and has not grown outside the organ it started in
stage 2 and 3 = tumour is larger and has grown outside the organ it started it towards a nearby tissue
stage 4 = the cancer has spread through the blood or lymphatic system to a distant site in the body (metastasis)

19
Q

Mark has been noticing some cancerous symptoms such as a lump on the neck. He goes to the doctors and they find a tumour. However, the tumour is small and has not grown outside of the neck area. What stage of cancer could mark have?

A

stage 1

20
Q 
explain the types of cancer:
1. carcinomas 
2. sarcomas 
3. lymphomas
4, leukemias
A
  1. from epithelial tissues that cover external body surfaces or internal tubes–> most common type on the skin, breast, uterus, prostate, lungs and gastrointestinal tract
  2. from connective and fibrous tissues like muscle, bone, cartilage and membranes
  3. in lymph nodes which are the infectious fighting system
  4. cancers of blood forming cells normally in bone marrow
21
Q

Peter has been diagnosed with a type of cancer. If the cancer is lining the gastrointestinal tract what type does he likely have?

A

carcinoma

22
Q

what are the top 3 most common cancers for men respectively? For women?

A 
men = prostate, colorectal, lung and bronchus
women = breast, lung and bronchus,  colorectal
23
Q

lung cancer:

  1. accounts for __% of all new cancer diagnoses and is the most common cause of cancer death
  2. what are the risk factors?
  3. what are the symptoms?
  4. what are the treatments?
  5. what is the 5 year survival rate?
A
  1. accounts for 14% of all new cancer diagnoses and is the most common cause of cancer death
  2. tobacco, second hand smoke, genetic history
  3. symptoms do not occur until the disease had advanced to the invasive stage; persistent cough, chest pain, recurring bronchitis
  4. CT scans, chest X rays, surgery if caught early, radiation and chemo
  5. 17%
24
Q

tobacco smoke currently accounts for __% of all cancer deaths and more than __% of lung cancer deaths

A

30%, 85%

25
Q

colon and rectal cancer:

  1. is the ___ most common type of cancer amount men and 3rd for women
  2. what are the risk factors?
  3. what are the symptoms?
  4. what are the treatments?
  5. what is the 5 year survival rate?
A
  1. second
  2. age (50+), genetics, preexisting polyps, type 3 diabetes, lifestyle
  3. bleeding from rectum, change in bowels
  4. if detected early polyps can be removed, surgery, radiation/chemo
  5. 64% for men, 65% for women
26
Q

breast cancer:

  1. __ in __ women have it, __% are over 50 yrs
  2. what are the risk factors?
  3. What are some ways for early detection?
  4. what are the treatments?
  5. what is the 5 year survival rate?
A
  1. 1 in 9 women have it, 80% are over 50 yrs
  2. genetics (first degree relation is 2x increased risk), menstruation issues, no children, obesity and alcohol
  3. MRIs, self checks
  4. lumpectomy (removal of lump), mastectomy (removal of breast), drugs, chemo
  5. 87%
27
Q

prostate cancer

  1. most common in ___
  2. what are the risk factors?
  3. what are the symptoms?
  4. what are the treatments?
  5. what is the 5 year survival rate?
A
  1. most common in men
  2. age (50+), genetics, obesity, inactivity, STD history
  3. changes in urinary frequency, blood in urine
  4. PSA for early detection, radical prostatectomy to remove prostate
  5. 95%
28
Q

cervical cancer:

  1. more in ___ 20-30+ yrs
  2. what are the risk factors?
  3. what are the treatments?
A
  1. women
  2. is a sexually transmitted infection from HPV, having multiple sex partners, smoking, genital herpes,
  3. pelvic exam to scrape cells, abnormal cells removed
29
Q

skin cancer:

  1. what are the risk factors?
  2. what are the types? which is most dangerous?
  3. what are the symptoms?
  4. what are the treatments?
  5. what is the 5 year survival rate?
A
  1. UV radiation, sunburns, having fair skin, large moles, genetics, radioactive exposure
  2. basal cell, squamous cell and melanoma. Melanoma is most dangerous because it spreads quickly
  3. appears at the site of a pre-existing mole –> mole changes size, colour or thickness
  4. sunscreen, self examines, surgery
  5. 90%
30
Q

oral cancer:

  1. most common in men over __
  2. what are the risk factors?
  3. what are the symptoms?
  4. what are the treatments?
  5. what is the 5 year survival rate?
A
  1. 40
  2. smoking, alcohol
  3. in lip, tongue, mouth and throat
  4. surgery and radiation
  5. 65%
31
Q

testicular cancer

  1. __% occur in men aged __-49
  2. risk factors
  3. symptoms
  4. what are the treatments?
  5. what is the 5 year survival rate?
A
  1. 1.1% occur in men aged 15-49
  2. genetics, undescended testicles, men whose mothers took DES during pregnancy
  3. lump on testicles
  4. surgery and chemo
  5. 97%
32
Q

pancreatic cancer

  1. what are the risk factors
  2. what is the treatment
A
  1. smoking, male, obese, 65+, hereditary

2. seldom cured

33
Q

stomach cancer

  1. most common in ___ over 50
  2. risk factors
  3. what is the 5 year survival rate?
A
  1. men
  2. infection with bacteria to cause ulcers, high diet in unhealthy meats
  3. 2.5%
34
Q

bladder cancer

  1. __x more common in men than women
  2. risk factors
  3. is there a screening test?
  4. symptoms
  5. how many cases are curable?
A
  1. 3x
  2. smoking, chemical exposure
  3. no
  4. blood in urine
  5. 90%
35
Q

kidney cancer:

  1. over age __ normally
  2. risk factors
  3. symptoms
  4. 5 year survival rate
A
  1. 50
  2. smoking, obesity, genetics
  3. fatigue, pain, blood in urine
  4. 67%
36
Q

what are cancer promoters vs. initiators

A 
initiators = carcinogenic agents that cause mutational changes in DNA of oncogenes. Ex: UV radiation
promoters = don't produce DNA mutations and accelerate the growth of cells without damaging DNA. Ex: estrogen

HS 1001 (9 decks)

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