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HS 1001 > Chapter 1: Taking charge of your health > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Taking charge of your health Flashcards

1
Q

How can health be defined according to WHO?

A

WHO defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not just the absence of disease or infirmity
- health is also a RESOURCE (personal and social) for living rather than just a goal/objective for living

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2
Q

What is wellness?

A

wellness is an expanded idea of health –> not just the absence of disease.

  • largely determined by the decisions you make about how to live your life
  • a dynamic process of change and growth encompassing 7 interrelated dimensions
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3
Q

What are the differences and similarities between health and wellness?

A

similarities:
- built upon one another
- can be used interchangeably to describe living life fully with vitality and meaning
- both have to do with more than just the absence of disease

differences:

  • health = determined or influenced by factors BEYOND your control –> genes, age, healthcare system, other social determinants of health
  • wellness = determined by the DECISIONS YOU MAKE about how you live; you HAVE control to positively change your wellness based on the health situation you may be in
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4
Q

a 25 year old women with a family history of breast cancer lives in a rural community with limited access to cancer screening services. She also is a regular smoker. Explain in terms of health and wellness how the women may be at a higher or lower risk for developing breast cancer during her lifetime

A

health = factors she cannot control–> having a genetic history with breast cancer, living in a rural community far away from screening services so that she can quickly detect the cancer before it worsens

wellness = factors she can control–> the women is a smoker which is something she chooses to do. Quitting smoking can possibly reduce the risk of developing breast cancer. She can also eat properly and exercise to prevent breast cancer. The women must choose to care for herself physically and mentally to ensure she is nurturing multiple aspects of her life

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5
Q

List some examples of social determinants

A
  • income and income distribution
  • education
    unemployment and job security
  • food insecurity
  • housing
  • social exclusion
  • social safety network
  • health services
  • indigenous status
  • gender, race, disability
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6
Q

What are the 7 dimensions of wellness?

A

Since wellness is not static and is constantly affected by many factors, wellness can have 7 interrelated dimensions. These dimensions influence each other and interact meaning that if one dimension is off balance, this can have harmful effects on a person’s life (ex: increase in spiritual = increase in social/emotional = increase in physical)

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7
Q

what is physical wellness?

A
  • requires healthy eating, exercise, getting regular check-ups
  • higher fitness = higher physical wellness
  • involves personal attention = knowing when you need medical attention
  • influences quality of life/life expectancy
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8
Q

what is interpersonal/ social wellness?

A
  • learning effective communication skills, capacity for intimacy, cultivating a support network
  • contributing to your community
  • easy to neglect this dimension due to stress
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9
Q

what is intellectual wellness?

A
  • learning something new and being open to learning new ideas
  • thinking critically and processing new information
  • essential for detecting problems, finding solutions, and directing our behaviour
  • enhance the area through reading/ being creative
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10
Q

what is occupational wellness?

A
  • personal satisfaction from career or personal development

- attaining a work-life balance

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11
Q

what is emotional wellness?

A
  • encompasses feelings –> optimism, trust, self-esteem, ability to share feelings
  • monitoring your feelings, identifying obstacles and finding solutions
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12
Q

what is environmental wellness?

A
  • personal health depends on the health of the planet
  • learning about hazards and taking actions to prevent contact with the hazards
  • relationship with personal possessions –> comfort and ease anxiety
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13
Q

what is spiritual wellness?

A
  • a set of guiding beliefs, principles or values that give meaning and purpose to someone’s life
  • relationship to serving others
  • capacity for love, compassion, forgiveness, joy, altruism
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14
Q

what is financial wellness?

A
  • describes how financial security can contribute to your peace of mind
  • financially well people may not strive to be wealthy but at least try to save money for the future
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15
Q

classify the behaviour/quality associated with its specific dimension of wellness:

  1. recognizing symptoms of disease
  2. motivation to master new skills
  3. ability to establish and maintain satisfying relationships
  4. self-esteem and self acceptance
A
  1. physical wellness
  2. intellectual wellness
  3. interpersonal wellness
  4. emotional wellness
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16
Q
  1. explain the difference between infectious, communicable vs. chronic, non-communicable diseases
  2. what is the best course of action for chronic diseases?
A
  1. infectious communicable = SPREADS from person to person; caused by pathogenic micro-organisms–> ex: covid-19, influenza, common cold

chronic noncommunicable = DOES NOT SPREAD from person to person; develops and becomes worse over time, can be caused by lifestyle factors (meaning people have some degree of control over whether they develop these diseases)–> ex: cancer, heart disease, stroke

  1. best course of action = prevention b/c we have some CONTROL over whether we develop these diseases –> make good lifestyle choices
17
Q

what are the top 3 causes of death for Canadians aged 15-24?

A
  1. accidents
  2. suicide
  3. cancer
18
Q

what is the goal of the integrated pan-Canadian healthy living strategy?

what is the vision?

A

GOAL = to address the diseases common, preventable risk factors and the underlying conditions in society that contribute to them (like income, unemployment, education)

VISION = a healthy nation where all Canadians experience the conditions that support the attainment of good health

19
Q

what was the life expectancy and major health threats during the 1900’s?

A

life expectancy = 59 (men) 61 (women)
health threats = infectious communicable diseases like cholera, tuberculosis–> was b/c of the lack of clean water but then chlorination was introduced to decrease water born diseases–> public health introduced vaccines and antibiotics to control the spread as well as the cases of morbidity and mortality

20
Q

what is the diff between morbidity and mortality?

A 
morbidity = illness/disease
mortality = death
21
Q

what is the life expectancy and major health threats for Canadians today?

A

life expectancy = 80 (men) 84 (women) –> varies among ethnic groups b/c of economic or lifestyle factors

major health threats = chronic diseases like cancer, heart disease, stroke; infectious diseases like covid-19

22
Q

give an example of the following health related differences:

  1. biological
  2. genetic
  3. cultural
A
  1. eating foods that increases the risk of heart disease or obesity
  2. genetic predisposition for developing certain health problems like high cholesterol
  3. living in an environment that increases the chance of smoking or alcohol abuse
23
Q

what is the diff between stereotyping and overgeneralizing?

A 
stereotyping = talking about people as groups rather than individuals 
overgeneralizing = ignoring the extensive biological/cultural diversity that exists among people in groups
24
Q

what is the diff between sex and gender?

A

sex = biological and physiological characteristics that define men, women and intersex people –> related to chromosomes, reproductive organs and body function

gender = roles, behaviours activities and attributes that a society considers appropriate for men and women
–> gender is rooted in biology but can be shaped by experience and environment

25
Q

give a situation that involves both a sex and gender issue created by society

A

men are more biologically likely to suffer from certain diseases than women are (sex issue), men are less likely to visit their doctor for regular exams (gender issue stemmed from societal norms)

26
Q

compare life expectancy in men vs women

A

W: live longer, higher rates of disabling health problems
M: shorter life expectancy, lower rates of disabling health problems

27
Q

compare height and weight in men vs women

A

W: shorter, pear shape (body fat in hips), obesity is more common
M: taller, more muscle in abs

28
Q

compare heart attacks in men vs women

A

W: heart attacks 10 years later than men but poorer 1 year survival rate; have atypical heart attack symptoms

M: heart attacks 10 years earlier than women but better 1 year survival rate; have classic heart attack symptoms

29
Q

compare strokes in men vs women

A

W: more likely to have a stroke and die from one; can recover language ability after
M: less likely to die but can have permanent language loss that affects left side of brain

30
Q

compare immune response in men vs women

A

W: stronger immune system; less susceptible to infection; more likely to have autoimmune diseases (lupus)
M: weaker immune system; more susceptible, less likely to develop autoimmune diseases

31
Q

compare smoking in men vs women

A

W: smoke less but higher risk of lung cancer
M: smoke more

32
Q

compare alcohol in men vs women

A

W: more intoxicated faster
M: less intoxicated faster; more likely to abuse alcohol

33
Q

compare stress/depression in men vs women

A

W: reacts in tend and befriend response (social support); more likely to suffer from depression
M: reacts with aggression to increase stress related disorders; lower rates of depression

34
Q

why is behaviour change difficult?

A
  • individuals have to KNOW the behaviour causes problems
  • they must BELIEVE and ACCEPT that the behaviour makes them more susceptible to the problem
  • recognize that risk reduction strategies exist to DECREASE their risk
  • believe that the benefits OUTWEIGH the behaviour
  • have SOCIAL SUPPORT
35
Q

what is self efficacy and internal locus of control in relation to behaviour change?

A

self efficacy = belief in the ability to take action successfully

internal locus of control = responsibility to take action and overcome barriers to change –> visualization and self talk

36
Q

describe the steps in the Transtheoretical model for behaviour change

A
  1. precontemplation = no intention of change; ask what has prevented you from changing
  2. contemplation = aware of the problem and learning about it; pros and cons list, identifying barriers to change
  3. preparation = plan to take action within a month, started making small changes; personalized plan, visualization
  4. action = plans are implemented, changes are sustained for less than 6 months but theres a chance for reverting back; use previous strategies
  5. maintenance = maintained behaviour for 6 months, increase in confidence and self efficacy
  6. termination = exited the cycle and habits are established, not tempted to lapse, compete self efficacy

HS 1001 (9 decks)

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