Chapter 8: Brick Masonry

Question 1

_____ and _____ masonry are the strongest and most durable of pre-industrial building materials.

Answer 1

Stone; brick

Question 2

Seals joints; minimizes air and water flow; resistance to lateral forces from wind, such as earthquakes; contributes to wall’s appearance

Answer 2

Mortar

Question 3

Made up of portland cement, aggregate, hydrated lime, and water; very fine particle size of 0.0004-0.0006 in diameter

Answer 3

Portland cement-lime mortar

Question 4

May include natural sand or manufactured sand

Answer 4

Aggregate

Question 5

Sand provided the basic structural body of this mixture; cement binds the sand particles

Answer 5

Mortar mixture

Question 6

Added ingredients to improve performance

Answer 6

Admixtures

Question 7

Increasing the proportion of _____ to _____ in the mix makes a _____ compressive strength.

Answer 7

Cement; lime; higher

Question 8

What are the types of mortar?

Answer 8

(In decreasing order of strength)

M
S (most common)
N (most common)
O
K (least common)

Question 9

Higher-strength mortar is more _____ and have _____ workability characteristics in comparison to lower-strength mortars.

Answer 9

Expensive; poorer

Question 10

Describe how bricks are formed for brick masonry.

Answer 10

Natural clays are excavated from the earth and screened to control particle size. Water is added to achieve a plastic consistency ready for molding into ricks.

Question 11

Formed bricks are dried and then kiln-fired

Answer 11

Brick firing

Question 12

Up to 60% void

Answer 12

Hollow brick

Question 13

Appearance for exposed applications

Answer 13

Facing brick

Question 14

Concealed so appearance is not important

Answer 14

Building brick

Question 15

Durability, compressive strength, and water resistance

Answer 15

Brick grade

Question 16

What are the 3 types of brick weathering?

Answer 16

Grade SW: “severe weathering” (most face brick), for any weathering
Grade MW: “moderate weathering”, above grade only
Grade NW: “negligible weathering”, interior and concealed

Question 17

One horizontal row of bricks

Answer 17

Course

Question 18

Horizontal joint between courses

Answer 18

Bedjoint

Question 19

Vertical joint between courses

Answer 19

Head joint

Question 20

One vertical stack of bricks

Answer 20

Wythe

Question 21

Vertical joint between wythes

Answer 21

Collar joint

Question 22

Brick laid on its face, with the end visible

Answer 22

Rowlock

Question 23

Brick laid flat, face visible

Answer 23

Stretcher

Question 24

Brick laid flat, end visible

Answer 24

Header

Question 25

Brick laid on end, face visible (tallways)

Answer 25

Soldier

Question 26

Like soldier (tallways), broader side visible

Answer 26

Sailor

Question 27

All stretchers (brick laid flat, face visible)

Answer 27

Running bond

Question 28

Stretcher (brick laid flat, face visible) courses, header (brick laid flat, end visible) every 5 or 6 courses

Answer 28

Common bond

Question 29

Alternating stretcher (flat, face visible) and header (flat, end visible) courses

Answer 29

English bond

Question 30

Alternating stretchers (flat, face visible) and headers (flat, end visible) within each course

Answer 30

Flemish bond

Question 31

When wall dimensions conform to the brick module, the need to cut the bricks is minimized.

Answer 31

Dimensioning

Question 32

In brick laying, _____ (level guides) are constructed ahead of the rest of the wall; levels and string lines keep them straight.

Answer 32

Leads

Question 33

Compacts joint surface, making it durable and water-resistant and neatening its appearance.

Answer 33

Joint tooling

Question 34

Steel reinforcing and grouting are added to the masonry wall to increase its strength.

Answer 34

Reinforced brick masonry