Chapter 8: Brick Masonry Flashcards
_____ and _____ masonry are the strongest and most durable of pre-industrial building materials.
Stone; brick
Seals joints; minimizes air and water flow; resistance to lateral forces from wind, such as earthquakes; contributes to wall’s appearance
Mortar
Made up of portland cement, aggregate, hydrated lime, and water; very fine particle size of 0.0004-0.0006 in diameter
Portland cement-lime mortar
May include natural sand or manufactured sand
Aggregate
Sand provided the basic structural body of this mixture; cement binds the sand particles
Mortar mixture
Added ingredients to improve performance
Admixtures
Increasing the proportion of _____ to _____ in the mix makes a _____ compressive strength.
Cement; lime; higher
What are the types of mortar?
(In decreasing order of strength)
M S (most common) N (most common) O K (least common)
Higher-strength mortar is more _____ and have _____ workability characteristics in comparison to lower-strength mortars.
Expensive; poorer
Describe how bricks are formed for brick masonry.
Natural clays are excavated from the earth and screened to control particle size. Water is added to achieve a plastic consistency ready for molding into ricks.
Formed bricks are dried and then kiln-fired
Brick firing
Up to 60% void
Hollow brick
Appearance for exposed applications
Facing brick
Concealed so appearance is not important
Building brick
Durability, compressive strength, and water resistance
Brick grade
What are the 3 types of brick weathering?
Grade SW: “severe weathering” (most face brick), for any weathering
Grade MW: “moderate weathering”, above grade only
Grade NW: “negligible weathering”, interior and concealed
One horizontal row of bricks
Course
Horizontal joint between courses
Bedjoint
Vertical joint between courses
Head joint
One vertical stack of bricks
Wythe
Vertical joint between wythes
Collar joint
Brick laid on its face, with the end visible
Rowlock
Brick laid flat, face visible
Stretcher
Brick laid flat, end visible
Header
Brick laid on end, face visible (tallways)
Soldier
Like soldier (tallways), broader side visible
Sailor
All stretchers (brick laid flat, face visible)
Running bond
Stretcher (brick laid flat, face visible) courses, header (brick laid flat, end visible) every 5 or 6 courses
Common bond
Alternating stretcher (flat, face visible) and header (flat, end visible) courses
English bond
Alternating stretchers (flat, face visible) and headers (flat, end visible) within each course
Flemish bond
When wall dimensions conform to the brick module, the need to cut the bricks is minimized.
Dimensioning
In brick laying, _____ (level guides) are constructed ahead of the rest of the wall; levels and string lines keep them straight.
Leads
Compacts joint surface, making it durable and water-resistant and neatening its appearance.
Joint tooling
Steel reinforcing and grouting are added to the masonry wall to increase its strength.
Reinforced brick masonry
