Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Construction Management: M&M > Chapter 2: Foundations and Sitework > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Foundations and Sitework Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different loads on a foundation?

A

Live load: people, furniture (changes over time)
Dead load: the building itself (permanent/fixed)
Wind load: wind pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Foundations must be economically and technically _____; it must not have adverse effects on the _____ structures.

A

Feasible; surrounding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do you classify earth materials?

A
  1. Particle size
  2. Moisture content
  3. Presence of organic content
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

May cause damages to finishes, cladding and other components where the building becomes distorted.

A

Differential settlement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A dense, continuous mass of mineral materials that can be removed only by drilling, fracturing, or blasting. Strongest, most stable, and strength varies with mineral content and physical content.

A

Consolidated rock or bedrock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Any earth material that is particulate

A

Soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Greater than 12 inches in diameter, must be picked up with two hands

A

Boulders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Smaller than boulders, but greater than 3 inches in diameter, and can be picked up with one hand.

A

Cobbles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Coarse-grained soils

A

Gravels and sands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Spherical, less than 0.0029 inches, and is too small to be seen by the naked eye.

A

Silt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Too small to be seen by the naked eye, smaller than silt, less than 0.0029 inches in diameter.

A

Clay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fine-trained soils

A

Silts and clay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

3 inches - 0.187 inches in diameter

A

Gravel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

0.187 inches - 0.003 inches, too small to be lifted individually

A

Sand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Not suitable for the support of building foundations

A

Organic soils (peat, topsoil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Coarse-trained soils consist of relatively large mineral particles with _____ or _____ attractive or repulsive forces acting between them. They are not very affected by moisture content.

A

Little; no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How are both coarse and fine-grained soils used for building construction?

A

Coarse-grained soils are stronger, while fine-grained soils fill in the gaps.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Soils, when relying primarily on internal friction for strength.

A

Frictional/cohesionless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Smaller-grained soils may be subject to a wide array of _____ forces.

A

Interparticle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Spaces between the particles

A

Soil pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When water-saturated sands or silts lose virtually all of their strength and behave as a liquid when subjected to sudden, large changes in load, such as an earthquake.

A

Soil liquefaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Draining water away from foundations and substructures or from under slabs on grades and pavements.

A

Free draining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Buildings will withstand better with highly-_____ soil.

A

Cohesive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Material which is moldable when moist

A

Plastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Ability to sustain a higher moisture content before arriving at a flowable consistency

A

Liquid limit

30
Q

Range of particle sizes

A

Gradation

31
Q

Broad range of particle sizes

A

Well-graded

32
Q

Limited range of particle sizes, more void space and free draining

A

Poorly graded or “well sorted”

33
Q

Limited, narrow range of particle sizes

A

Uniformly graded

34
Q

Particle size distribution

A

Sorting

35
Q

Clay properties vary with moisture content and _____ composition. Some are highly expansive when wetted, some are virtually impervious to water, and some are subject to consolidation or gradual compression _____ _____.

A

Mineral; over time

36
Q

Generally, a larger particle size creates a _____ soil.

A

Stronger

37
Q

For raising the grade

A

General purpos fill

38
Q

Geotechnical reports describe _____ and their properties.

A

Soils

39
Q

Complex method to construct a steel-reinforced concrete wall many stories below the surface

A

Slurry wall

40
Q

Viscous mixture of water and bentonite clay

A

Slurry

41
Q

Beams that span across the face of the sheeting

A

Walers

44
Q

When crosslot bracing cannot be used because the excavation is too wide; bearing against temporary footings

A

Rakers

45
Q

Removal of water from the excavation or surrounding soil; removal from sumps.

A

Dewatering

46
Q

Pit where water accumulates; low points in excavation or surrounding soil

A

Sumps

47
Q

Depresses the water table

A

Well points

48
Q

Soils directly below the building substructure are _____ and _____.

A

Weak; unstable

49
Q

Used for small building design of foundations where soil analysis is unnecessary.

A

Allowable foundation pressures/allowable soil pressures

50
Q

When clay with high moisture content is put under continuous pressure, the water is pressed out of it causing a gradual reduction in soil volume.

A

Consolidation

51
Q

The water content at which the soil transitions from solid to plastic.

A

Plastic limit

52
Q

A _____ _____ may include recommendations for allowing bearing walls for various soil strata, appropriate foundation types, estimated rates of foundation settlement, soil drainage, foundation waterproofing, and other relevant information.

A

Geotechnical report

53
Q

Trees and plants, stumps, large roots, and other surface materials are removed with heavy machinery.

A

Grubbing and cleaning

54
Q

_____ is necessary for basement construction, to reach undistributed, adequately firm soil for shallow footings, for trenches for buried utilities, and to remove native soils that are contaminated or too weak or unstable to build over.

A

Excavation

55
Q

Sloped back; less expensive than sheeted excavation, requires a site without property lines, adjacent structures, or other limits on excavation.

A

Benched

56
Q

Angle low enough that the soil will not slide back into the hole; can be steep for cohesive soils such as stiff clays or shallower for frictional soils such as sand and gravel.

A

Maximum allowable slope/angle of repose

57
Q

Supports the sides of an excavation and prevent collapse

A

Shoring

58
Q

Steel columns driven vertically into the earth at close intervals around an excavation site. Braced by rakers, followed by waterproofing and cast in place concrete wall foundation.

A

H-piles/soldier beams

59
Q

Vertical sheets of various materials are aligned tightly against one another and driven (not drilled) into the earth to form a solid wall (most common: steel; but wood, aluminum, PVC plastic, composite polymers, or precast concrete can be used)

A

Sheet piling/sheeting

60
Q

Driven into earth

A

Piles

61
Q

Building g superstructure temporarily supported on cribbing while new foundation is built.

A

Underpinning

62
Q

Allows ground water to flow downward where it is collected by drain piping.

A

Drainage mat

63
Q

Draws water away from the substructure

A

Drain piping

64
Q

A moisture-resistant cement plaster or asphalt compound applied to basement walls where groundwater conditions are mild or waterproofing requirements are not critical.

A

Dampproofing

65
Q

Resists the passage of water even under more demanding conditions of hydrostatic pressure. It is more costly, and is used where groundwater conditions are severe or the need to protect subgrade space from moisture is critical.

A

Waterproofing

66
Q

Used instead of bracing; holes are drilled at intervals through the shoring and steel cables or rods are inserted, grouted in place, stretched tight, and fastened to the walers. Leave the excavation unencumbered.

A

Tiebacks

68
Q

Temporary steel wide-flame columns, which are driven into the earth at points where braces will cross

A

Crosslot bracing

Construction Management: M&M (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions