Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

psy602- developmental psychopathology > chapter 8- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder > Flashcards

chapter 8- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Flashcards

1
Q

what gender has the highest prevalence of adhd?

A

males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what characteristics are females most likely to present with?

A

inattentiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which characteristics are males most likely to present with?

A

impulsiveness, aggression, and hyperactivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how would a teacher describe a girl with adhd?

A

hazy or in a fog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the age of onset for adhd?

A

4-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the 3 prominent characteristics of adhd?

A

→ Inattention
→ Hyperactivity
→ Impulsivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how had adhd evolved?

A

The disorder that we now call ADHD has had many different names, primary symptoms, and presumed causes, and views of the disorder are still evolving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why is adhd tricky to diagnose?

A

ADHD can only be identified by characteristic patterns of behavour, which vary quite a bit from child to child. (cannot be diagnosed by functional magnetic resonance imaging scans)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List some negative impacts for children with ADHD during the coronavirus pandemic.

A

children and adolescents with ADHD were more likely to…
-have increased negative impact such as sleep concerns
-fear and negative emotions to infection risk
- trouble with remote learning
-rule-breaking behavior related to COVID-19 restrictions
-and were less prepared for the next school year.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how can adhd be bad for the people around the child?

A

The behavior of children with ADHD is a constant source of stress and frustration for the child and for parents, siblings, teachers, and classmates; it also has high costs to society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what type of disorder is adhd in the dsm5? why?

A

neurodevelopmental disorder
-because it has an early onset and persistent course, is associated with lasting alterations in neural development, and is often accompanied by subtle delays and concerns in language, motor, and social development that overlap with other neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and specific learning disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the 2 key symptoms in the dsm for adhd?

A

inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

read over dsm criteria (pg.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the issue with defining adhd by 2 core dimensions? why?

A

oversimplifies the disorder. First, each dimension includes many distinct processes that have been defined and measured in various ways. Second, although we discuss attention and impulse control separately, the two are closely connected developmentally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does inattention mean?

A

An inability to sustain attention or stick to tasks or play activities, to remember and follow through on instructions or rules, and to resist distractions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are some common complaints from parents of children with adhd

A

the child doesn’t or won’t listen, follow instructions, or finish chores or assignments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does attentional capacity mean?

A

The amount of information in short-term memory to which one can attend.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

do children with adhd have a deficit in their attentional capacity?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is selective attention?

A

The ability to concentrate exclusively on relevant stimuli and ignore task-irrelevant stimuli in the environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is distrability?

A

A term used to describe deficits in selective attention.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

do children with adhd have a deficit in their selective attention (distractibility?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

which stimuli are most distracting to children with adhd?

A

ones that are highly salient and appealing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is sustained attention?

A

The ability to maintain a persistent focus of attention over time on unchallenging, uninteresting tasks or activities or when fatigued.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

do people with adhd have a deficit in their sustained attention?

A

YES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is alerting?

A

Refers to an initial reaction to a stimulus, and involves the ability to prepare for what is about to happen.

26
Q

what pattern of alerting response is seen in children with adhd?

A

may respond too quickly in situations requiring a slow and careful approach and too slowly in situations requiring a quick response

27
Q

what is hyperactivity impulsivity?

A

he undercontrol of motor behavior, poor sustained inhibition of behavior, the inability to delay a response or defer gratification, or an inability to inhibit dominant responses in relation to ongoing situational demands

28
Q

what is cognitive impulsivity?

A

-reflected in disorganization, hurried thinking, and the need for supervision, impulsive decision-making

29
Q

what is behavioural impulsivity?

A

have difficulty inhibiting their response when the situation requires it and are insensitive to the negative consequences of their behavior.

30
Q

what is emotional impulsivity/dysregulation

A

impatience, low frustration tolerance, hot temper, quickness to anger, and irritability.

31
Q

what is a presentation type in adhd?

A

A term used to describe a group of individuals with something in common—symptoms, etiology, problem severity, or likely outcome—that makes them distinct from other groups.

32
Q

what are the 3 presentation types of adhd?

A

→ Predominantly inattentive presentation
→ Predominantly hyperactive impulsive presentation
→ Combined presentation

33
Q

what is the Predominantly inattentive presentation type?

A

children who meet symptom criteria for inattention but not hyperactivity–impulsivity.

34
Q

what is the Predominantly hyperactive impulsive presentation type?

A

children who meet symptom criteria for hyperactivity–impulsivity but not inattention

35
Q

what is the combined presentation type?

A

children who meet symptom criteria for both inattention and hyperactivity–impulsivity

36
Q

what symptom is also sometimes said to be a core symptom of adhd? describe it

A

Sluggish cognitive tempo- daydreams, sleepy/drowsy, underactive/slow moving, tired/lethargic, easily confused, stares blankly, lost in thoughts, in a fog, slow thinking and responding, spacey/alertness changes from moment to moment, apathetic, unmotivated, or low initiative and persistence

37
Q

what presentation type is most often referred to treatment?

A

combined

38
Q

what is the rarest presentation? why?

A

hyperactivity, because its most often seen in preschoolers but then when they grow up, they dont meet any criteria for adhd

39
Q

which two presentation types are most likely to be aggressive, rejected by peers, defiant, placed in spec ed? why?

A

hyperactivity and combined because those types are more likely to display behavioural problems

40
Q

are presentation types stable over time?

A

no

41
Q

what are the 6 extra criteria in the dsm for adhd?

A

-appear before age 12 [Note: This represents a change from DSM-IV, which required that symptoms appear before age 7. The age criterion was raised because there was little difference between children with an onset before or after age 7; about half of children with ADHD-PI are not identified until well after age 7; and extending the requirement from age 7 to age 12 does not significantly change the overall prevalence of ADHD
-persist for more than 6 months;
-occur more often and with greater severity than in other children of the same age and sex;
-occur across two or more settings (e.g., home, school, other activities);
-interfere with, or reduce the quality of, social, academic, or occupational functioning; and
-not be better explained by another mental disorder (e.g., mood disorder, anxiety disorder)

42
Q

what are the 2 main limitations of the dsm criteria for adhd?

A

Developmentally insenstive- it applies the same symptoms to individuals of all ages, even though some symptoms, particularly for hyperactive–impulsive behaviors (running and climbing), apply more to young children, the number of symptoms needed to make a diagnosis is not adjusted for age or level of maturity in younger children, even though hyperactive–impulsive symptoms show a general decline with age

Categorical view of adhd- ccording to DSM, ADHD is a disorder that a child either has or doesn’t have. However, because the number and severity of symptoms are also calculated on a scale, children who fall just below the cutoff for ADHD are not necessarily different from children just above the cutoff. In fact, over time, some children may move in and out of the DSM category because of fluctuations in their behavior. ADHD is actually dimensional, but thats not recognized

43
Q

what are the 5 cognitive deficits one with adhd might experience?

A

-executive functions
-intellectual deficits
-impairments in academic functioning
-learning disorders
-distorted self perceptions

44
Q

what is the positive bias/positive illusory bias a child with adhd might have?

A

A person’s report of higher self-esteem than is warranted by his or her behavior. This exaggeration of one’s competence may, for example, cause a child with ADHD to perceive their relationships with their parents no differently than do control children, even though their parents see things in a more negative light.

45
Q

how would a child with adhd rate their quality of life compared to others around them

A

a child with adhd would rate their quality of life higher than others around them might

46
Q

list some medical and physical concerns high in children with adhd?

A

-enoresis/encopresis
-eating concerns/disorders
-sleep concerns
-theyre accident prone because of risk taking

47
Q

what 3 otehr disorders are comorbid with adhd? from higehst to lowest

A
  1. Oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (50%)
  2. Anxiety (25%)
  3. Depression/mood disorder (20-30%)
48
Q

why is the relationship between adhd and bipolar controversial?

A

A diagnosis of childhood bipolar disorder appears to sharply increase the child’s risk for previous or co-occurring ADHD, but a diagnosis of ADHD does not appear to elevate the child’s risk for bipolar disorder.

49
Q

symptoms of adhd change with ______

A

development

50
Q

Although some symptoms of ADHD may decline in ________ and _________ as children grow older, for many individuals ADHD is a lifelong and painful disorder.

A

prevalence, intensity

51
Q

what two factors are thought to be the cause of adhd?

A

genetic and neurobiological

52
Q

what part of the brain is different in people with adhd?

A

Frontostriatal circuitry of the brain-
A structure of the brain consisting of the prefrontal cortex and the basal ganglia; associated with attention, executive functions, delayed response, and response organization. Abnormalities within this structure have been linked to ADHD.
1/1 on this page
A structure of the brain consisting of the prefrontal cortex and the basal ganglia; associated with attention, executive functions, delayed response, and response organization

53
Q

what are 2 controversial things thought to be the cause of adhd?

A

lead exposure, allergy/diet

54
Q

what two neurotransmitters are low in people with adhd?

A

dopamine and norepinephrine

55
Q

what type of medication is sued to treat children with adhd?

A

stimulants such as ritalin or adderall

56
Q

what is parent management training?

A

A program aimed at teaching parents to cope effectively with their child’s difficult behavior and their own reactions to it.

57
Q

what educational intervention is effective for children with adhd?

A

response-cost procedures-
A technique for managing a subject’s behavior that involves the loss of reinforcers such as privileges, activities, points, or tokens in response to inappropriate behavior.

58
Q

what did the MTA study find?

A

a landmark controlled comparison of intensive treatments for ADHD, found that for children with uncomplicated ADHD, medication may be the best treatment option; however, for those with ADHD and oppositional symptoms, poor social functioning and ineffective parenting, combining medication and behavioral treatment may be best

59
Q

what does the summer treatment program do?

A

uses evidence-based intensive treatments in a therapeutic summer camp setting. Treatments focus on improving problem solving, academic functioning, and social skills. Its effectiveness make it the standard for intensive treatment for youth with ADHD

60
Q

what is the primary move for treatment of adhd?

A

combo of medication, parent management training, and educational interventions

psy602- developmental psychopathology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions