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psy602- developmental psychopathology > chapter 11- anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder > Flashcards

chapter 11- anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 characterizations of anxiety

A
  1. strong negative emotions
  2. physical tension
  3. apprehensive anticipation of future danger/misfortune
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2
Q

what are the 3 interrelated response symptoms of anxiety?

A

physical, cognitive, and behavioral

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3
Q

what is the difference between fear and anxiety

A

Fear is a present-oriented emotional reaction to current danger. In contrast, anxiety is a future-oriented emotion characterized by feelings of apprehension and a lack of control over upcoming events that might be threatening

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4
Q

what is seperation anxiety?

A

A form of anxiety disorder in which the individual displays age-inappropriate, excessive, and disabling anxiety about being apart from his or her parents or away from home.

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5
Q

what are teh 2 most common types of anxiety disorders?

A

seperation anxiety disorder and specific phobia

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6
Q

what disorder has the earliest reported age of onset and youngest age at referral

A

seperation anxiety disorder

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7
Q

what is school refusal behaviour?

A

A form of anxious behavior in which the child refuses to attend classes or has difficulty remaining in school for an entire day.

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8
Q

what are teh 5 subtypes of specific phobia

A

animal (ex. spiders), natural environment (ex. storms), blood injection injury (ex. needles), situational (ex. airplanes), an other (ex. vomiting)

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9
Q

how does evoluntionary theory explain specific phobia

A

contends that human infants are biologically predisposed to learn certain fears that alert them to possible sources of danger. This may explain why the most common specific phobia in children is a fear of animals, such as dogs, snakes, and insects.

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10
Q

at what age do specific phobias peak?

A

10 to 13 yrs

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11
Q

what is social anxiety disorder?

A

a marked and persistent fear of social or performance requirements that expose the individual to scrutiny and possible embarrassment. These individuals go to great lengths to avoid these situations, or they may face the challenge with great effort, wearing a mask of fearlessness.

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12
Q

what gender is most likely to get social anxiety disorder?

A

girls, by far

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13
Q

at what age does social anxiety disorder develop?

A

after puberty, at a time when most teens experience heightened self-consciousness and worries about what others think of them

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14
Q

what is selective mutism

A

An anxiety disorder involving a consistent failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is an expectation for speaking (e.g., at school) despite speaking in other situations.

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15
Q

how common is selective mutism

A

rare

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16
Q

what is the average age of onset for selective mutism

A

3 to 4 yrs

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17
Q

what is a panic attack

A

a sudden and overwhelming period of intense fear or discomfort accompanied by physical and cognitive symptoms

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18
Q

what is panic disorder?

A

recurrent unexpected panic attacks followed by persistent concern about having another attack, constant worry about the consequences, or a significant maladaptive change in their behavior related to the attacks, designed to avoid having additional attacks.

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19
Q

what is agoraphobia

A

characterized by marked fear or anxiety in certain situations. The individual fears or avoids these situations because of thoughts that escape might be difficult or help might not be available if they were to experience panic-like or other incapacitating symptoms.

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20
Q

what is the age of onset for panic disorder

A

15 to 19 yrs

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21
Q

what gender is most commonly affected by panic disorder?

A

girls by far

22
Q

how common is panic disorder? wat about panic attacks?

A

many adolescents have panic attacks, but panic disorder is less common

23
Q

what anxiety disorder has the lowest rates of remission

A

panic disorder

24
Q

what is lifetime course of panic disorder and agoraphobia

A

stable over time

25
Q

what is the most common type of anxiety disorder in children referred to clinics?? why is this odd

A

generalized anxiety disorder, but it is the least common anxiety disorder in community samples

26
Q

what is generalized anxiety disorder?

A

chronic or exaggerated worry and tension, often accompanied by physical symptoms

27
Q

how do ocd and anxiety relate in the dsm?

A

the dsm groups them as seperate distinct disorders but they do have overlapping diagnostic features

28
Q

what are the related disorders in the “ocd and related disorders” section of dsm 5

A

body dysmorphic disorder, hoarding disorder, trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder), and excoriation (skin-picking) disorder.

29
Q

what is ocd?

A

repeated, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts or obsessions that cause anxiety, often accompanied by ritualized behaviors or compulsions to relieve the anxiety

30
Q

what is the most common ocd obsession in children?

A

contamination and fears of harm to self and others.

31
Q

what are the most common compulsions in children with ocd?

A

washing and bathing, and repeating, checking, and arranging.

32
Q

what is the age on onset for children with ocd

A

9-12 years

33
Q

what gender is most likely to have early onset

A

boys

34
Q

is ocd chronic? why?

A

yes, as many as two-thirds of children continuing to have the disorder 2 to 14 years after being diagnosed.

35
Q

what are some cognitive deficits in children with anxiety disorders?

A

attention, memory, and speech and language.

36
Q

what is anxious vigilance

A

They selectively attend to information that may be potentially threatening

37
Q

what are some somatic symptoms in children with anxiety

A

stomachaches, sleep disturbances

38
Q

what are some social symotoms of people with anxiety?

A

socially withdrawn and lonely, and may be viewed by others as socially maladjusted.

39
Q

what is the most comorbid disorder in children w anxiety disorder?

A

depression

40
Q

which gender is more likely to experience anxiety twice as much as the other gender

A

girls are more likely than boys

41
Q

which theory explain anxiety

A

none

42
Q

how did early theories view anxiety?

A

as a defense against unconscious conflicts, a learned response, or an adaptive mechanism needed for survival.

43
Q

what is the cognitive theory of anxiety?

A

Some children are born with a tendency to become overexcited and to withdraw in response to novel stimulation (behavioral inhibition)—an enduring trait for some, and a possible risk factor for later anxiety disorders

44
Q

what do twin studies show in regards to the cause of anxiety

A

there is a moderate biological vulnerability

45
Q

what is the neurobiological theory of anxiety?

A

he potential underlying vulnerability of children at risk for anxiety is most likely localized to brain circuits involving the brain stem, the limbic system, the HPA axis, and the frontal cortex.

46
Q

list some family factors associated with anxiety

A

specific parenting practices, family functioning, the parent–child attachment, and parents’ beliefs about their children’s anxious behavior

47
Q

what is the main treatment for specific phobias, agoraphobia

A

Exposing youths to the situations, objects, and occasions that produce their anxiety

48
Q

what is the most effective treatment for specific phobias?

A

participant modeling and reinforced practice.

49
Q

how does cbt help with anxiety

A

Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) teaches children to understand how their thinking contributes to anxiety, how to change maladaptive thoughts to decrease their symptoms, and how to cope with their fears and anxieties other than by escape and avoidance

50
Q

what type of medications are effective in treating anxiety?

A

ssri’s

51
Q

what is the first, then second, line of treatment for anxiety

A

cbt first, if that doesnt work then ssri’s

psy602- developmental psychopathology (6 decks)

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