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ESC 320 > Chapter 8 (Assessing Body Composition) > Flashcards

Chapter 8 (Assessing Body Composition) Flashcards

1
Q

Body fat is essential for what?

A
  • thermal insulation
  • storage of metabolic fuel
  • transport of fat-soluble vitamins
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2
Q

Define body composition

A
  • the measurement of fat mass versus fat-free mass
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3
Q

Recommendations of body fat percentage for females

A
  • 10% - 28%
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4
Q

Recommendations of body fat percentage for males

A
  • 3% - 22%
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5
Q

What are the uses of body composition measurements?

A
  • formulate nutritional recommendations
  • disease risk
  • monitoring risk
  • assessing changes
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6
Q

Multiple theoretical models estimate what?

A
  • % body fat
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7
Q

What are the two components of % body fat?

A
  1. fat mass
  2. fat-free mass
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8
Q

What is the density of fat mass?

A
  • 0.901 g/cc
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9
Q

What is the density of fat-free mass?

A
  • 1.100 g/cc
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10
Q

Fat-free mass components

A
  • 73.8% water
  • 19% protein
  • 6.8% mineral
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11
Q

What aspects affect the components of fat-free mass?

A
  • age
  • sex
  • ethnicity
  • physical activity
  • % body fat
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12
Q

Most accurate body composition models

A
  • multi compartment models
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13
Q

What is densitometry?

A
  • body density
    - Db = BM / BV
  • body volume is obtained through hydrostatic weighing or air displacement
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14
Q

What is an x-ray for body fat?

A
  • dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
  • CT
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15
Q

What is hydrostatic weighing (hydro densitometry)?

A
  • Body volume calculated by displacement of water
  • body density calculated by weight above and below water
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16
Q

What principle is hydrostatic weighing based on?

A
  • Archimedes’ principle
17
Q

What law is the bod pod based on?

A
  • Boyle’s law of pressure volume relationship
18
Q

What does the dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measure?

A
  • densitometry
  • bone mineral
19
Q

What Clinical method shows the distribution of fat?

A
  • DEXA
20
Q

What clinical method best estimates mineral contribution to free-fat mass?

A
  • DEXA
21
Q

What are examples of 3 component free-fat mass clinical tests?

A
  • CT scan
  • MRI
22
Q

What are manual field methods for testing for body fat?

A
  • skinfold
  • anthropometry
23
Q

What are electrical equipment field methods for testing for body fat?

A
  • ultrasound
  • bioelectrical impedance analysis
24
Q

An indirect measurement of subcutaneous body is the definition of what field method?

A
  • Skinfold
25
Q

Skinfold are not great because of what?

A
  • overestimates %BF in leaner clients
  • underestimates %BF in obese clients
26
Q

What are the major sources of error in a skinfold?

A
  • technicians skill
  • SKF caliper
  • client factors
27
Q

What is a bioelectrical impedance analysis? (BIA)

A
  • a combination of pairs of sending and receiving electrodes
28
Q

What is the impedance for fat and lean tissue?

A
  • fat: electrodes flow slower (with resistance)
  • lean: electrodes flow faster/easier
29
Q

What is the main influential factor in BIA?

A
  • hydration levels
30
Q

Potential disadvantage to BIA

A
  • cannot distinguish intracellular and extracellular water
31
Q

Participates should do what before using the BIA?

A
  • no eating/drinking before
    - no alcohol or caffeine
  • no exercise before
  • using the bathroom
    (women can not be on their period)
32
Q

What is the anthropometric method?

A
  • measurement of the size and proportion of the human
33
Q

Downside to the anthropometric method

A
  • does not separate fat and muscle
34
Q

What is circumference?

A
  • measurement of the girth at prescribed landmarks
35
Q

Waist-to-hip ratio

A
  • indirect measure of lower and upper body fat
36
Q

Waist- to-height rule of thumb?

A
  • waist should be less then 50%

ESC 320 (8 decks)

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