Chapter 12 ( ) Flashcards
1
Q
Neuromuscular training of
A
- balance
- agility (changing direction)
- gait
- coordination
- proprioception
- strength
- power
2
Q
Define balance
A
- ability to keep line of gravity within the base of support
3
Q
Benefits of balance
A
- fall prevention
- ability to perform daily living activities
- maintain function independence
- reduce injury and improve quickness in athletes
4
Q
What is the definition of change of motion
A
- move line of gravity outside base, then support it with counter force
5
Q
Static balance
A
- ability to maintain balance while sitting or standing
6
Q
Dynamic balance
A
- ability to maintain balance during weight shifting
7
Q
Reactive balance
A
- ability to compensate and recover from perturbations while moving
8
Q
Functional balance
A
- ability to perform daily activities
9
Q
How does balance work?
A
- brainstem coordinates info to decide which motor functions to activate (motor control)
10
Q
Vestibular sensory information
A
- 3 semicircular canals
- info about head orientation
11
Q
Visual sensory information
A
- in relation to the outside world
12
Q
Somatosensory (propriocetors) sensory information
A
- stretch
- pressure
- movement
13
Q
Higher brain centers balance
A
- volitional
14
Q
Define stability
A
- ease or difficulty of maintaining equilibrium
15
Q
Factors that contribute to stability
A
- base of support
- mass of the object or body
- center of mass
16
Q
Physical capabilities that affect balance
A
- muscular power and strength (counter acting forces)
- reaction times
17
Q
Extrinsic risk factors of falling
A
- lighting
- obstacles
- surface
18
Q
Physiology risk factors of falling
A
- muscle weakness
- loss of muscular power
- flexibility
- gait
- balance disorders
- sensory organ problems
19
Q
Direct method for assessing balance
A
- computerized force plate
- anteroposterior and mediolateral coordinates center of pressure are derived
20
Q
Computerized dynamic posturography
A
- virtual reality system used to diagnose balance problems
21
Q
Limits to stability
A
- points at which the center of mass approaches the limits of the base of support
22
Q
Indirect methods for assessing balance
A
- measure time or distance
- static balance tests
23
Q
Reactive balance test
A
- ability to compensate and recover balance in response to external unexpected perturbation
24
Q
Dynamic balance tests
A
- ability to maintain postural stability while moving
25
Battery of balance tests
- comprehensive and include multiple tests to assess static and dynamic balance
- usually includes functional tasks mimicking daily life activities
26
Tibet ti performance-oriented mobility assessment and berg balance scales are used for?
- assisted living communities
27
Dynamic gait index
- measures the ability to adapt gait during movement related tasks
28
Frequency for balance training
- 2-3 days per week
29
Intensity for balance training
- not yet determined or able to quantify
- must be challenging or no benefits
- in control
30
Time for balance training
- 2-8 sets, 20-40 seconds
- total: 20-30 minutes
31
Type for balance training
- any motor skill (balance, agility, coordination, gait, receptors, or multifaceted activities
- dynamic movements that displace center of mass
- stress postural muscles
32
Volume for balance training
- not yet determined
33
Progession for balance training
- narrow base of support
- displace center of mass
- reduce sensory input
- multifaceted
34
Activities to improve balance
- resistance training
- stretching
- tai chi, yoga, and Pilates
