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ESC 320 > Chapter 1 (PA, health, and chronic disease) > Flashcards

Chapter 1 (PA, health, and chronic disease) Flashcards

1
Q

What is physical activity (PA)?

A
  • Movement by large muscles requiring energy
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2
Q

What is exercise?

A
  • structured/planned PA
  • usually results in some overload and leads to improved fitness
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3
Q

What is sedentary?

A
  • Lack of PA
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4
Q

Improvements in health benefits depend on what?

A
  • volume of PA
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5
Q

Define Dose of exercise

A
  • volume of activity
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6
Q

Define Response of exercise

A
  • health benefits
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7
Q

Metabolic Equivalent (MET) represents what?

A
  • the amount of energy (O2) consumed at rest
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8
Q

Light activity MET level

A

<3 METs

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9
Q

Moderate activity MET level

A

3-6 METs

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10
Q

Vigorous activity MET level

A

> 6 METs

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11
Q

What is the recommended minimum amount of aerobic exercise?

A
  • > 150 min/week if moderate intensity
  • or >75 min/week if vigorous intensity
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12
Q

To further reduce disease risk what is the necessary amount of exercise?

A
  • > the minimum
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13
Q

Cardiovascular disease is the general term for what?

A
  • it is the general term that describes a disease of the heart or blood vessels
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14
Q

Cardiovascular disease causes what?

A
  • reduced blood flow to the heart, brain, and body
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15
Q

what causes cardiovascular disease?

A
  • build-up of fatty deposits inside arteries leading to hardening and narrowing of that artery (atherosclerosis)
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16
Q

Cardiovascular disease risk factors? (8)

A
  1. age
  2. family history
  3. hypercholesterolemia
  4. hypertension
  5. tobacco use
  6. diabetes or prediabetes
  7. overweight and obesity
  8. physical inactivity
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17
Q

What is the cause of coronary heart disease?

A
  • ischemia
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18
Q

What is the effect of exercise on life expectancy?

A
  • delay onset of chronic diseases
  • reverse or limit effects of existing chronic diseases
  • increases quality of life
  • reduces disability rates
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19
Q

What is the effect of exercise on telomeres?

A
  • regular exercise can increase telomere length
20
Q

Elevated blood pressure

A

Systolic between 120-129

21
Q

Stage 1 hypotension

A

Systolic between 130-139 OR
Diastolic between 80-89

22
Q

Stage 2 hypotension

A

Systolic > or = 140 OR
Diastolic > or = 90

23
Q

What type of exercises can lower blood pressure?

A
  • all types of exercise
24
Q

What is the mode of exercise prescription for hypertension?

A
  • endurance activities supplemented by resistance exercises
25
Q

What is the intensity of exercise prescription for hypertension?

A
  • moderate to intensity
26
Q

Duration of exercise prescription for hypertension?

A
  • more then 30 minutes of continuous activity per day
27
Q

Frequency of exercise prescription for hypertension?

A
  • most days for aerobic
  • 2-3 days for resistance
28
Q

What is hypercholesterolemia?

A
  • elevation of total cholesterol above 200
29
Q

What is dyslipidemia?

A
  • abnormal blood lipid ratio
30
Q

What are lipoprotein classified by?

A
  • thickness of the protein shell that surrounds the fat
31
Q

Chylomicron transport fat from and to where?

A
  • form the intestines
  • to cells
32
Q

VLDL transport fat from and to where?

A
  • from the liver
  • to cells and LDL
33
Q

LDL transport fat from and to where?

A
  • from VLDL
  • to tissues
34
Q

HDL transport fat to where?

A
  • to the liver to be removed
35
Q

How does cardiovascular exercise effect lipoproteins (HDL, LDL, and triglycerides)?

A
  • increases HDLs
  • decreases LDLs
  • decreases LDLs
36
Q

Tobacco is linked to what diseases?

A
  • CHD
  • Stroke
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
37
Q

Tobacco mainly causes what?

38
Q

What is type 1 diabetes and what causes it?

A
  • Insulin is not produced
  • autoimmune disease
39
Q

What is type 2 diabetes and what causes it?

A
  • Insulin does not work
  • caused by obesity, diet, and lack of physical activity
40
Q

Obesity threshold

A
  • BMI of 30 or greater
41
Q

BMI equation

A
  • weight (kg) / height squared (m)
  • weight (lbs) / height squared (in) x 703
42
Q

Metabolic syndrome risk factors

A
  • abnormal obesity
  • hypertension
  • insulin resistance
  • dyslipidemia
43
Q

Cancer risk factors

A
  • gender
  • tobacco and alcohol use
  • unhealthy food choices
  • physical inactivity
44
Q

Osteoarthritis risk factors

A
  • age
  • gender (women)
  • obesity
  • past injury
45
Q

Lower back pain risk factors

A
  • age
  • fitness
  • BMI
46
Q

Physical activity effect on cognitive performance

A
  • increases cognitive performance

ESC 320 (8 decks)

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