Chapter 3 (Principles) Flashcards
1
Q
Physical fitness is the ability to what?
A
- the ability to perform occupational, recreational, and daily activities without fatigue
2
Q
Cardiorespiratory endurance is the ability to what?
A
- the ability to supply blood to working muscles
3
Q
What is musculoskeletal strength?
A
- maximal force or tension level that can be produced by a muscle group
4
Q
What is musculoskeletal endurance?
A
- ability of a muscle to maintain submaximal force levels for extended periods
5
Q
What is musculoskeletal power?
A
- the rate of force development
6
Q
What is musculoskeletal bone strength?
A
- risk of bone fracture
- function of the mineral content and density of the bone tissue
7
Q
What is body weight density?
A
- the absolute and relative amounts of muscle, fat, and bone tissues
8
Q
Define flexibility
A
- the ability to move a joint or series of joints fluidly through a range of motion
9
Q
Limiting factor of flexibility
A
- bony structure of the joint, size and strength of muscles, ligaments, and connective tissues
10
Q
Define balance
A
- the ability to keep the body’s center of gravity within the base of support
11
Q
Functional aspect of balance
A
- the ability to perform daily movement tasks requiring balance
12
Q
What is the purpose of testing?
A
- identify strengths and weaknesses
- set realistic and attainable goals
- make accurate and precise exercise prescription
- retest to document progress
13
Q
Ideal environment for testing
A
- friendly, quiet, private, safe, and comfortable
14
Q
Order of testing
A
- resting values
- body composition and balance
- cardiorespiratory endurance
- muscular fitness
- flexibility
15
Q
What is validity?
A
- the ability to measure accurately
16
Q
What is a indirect measurement?
A
- estimate the reference based on other measured variables
17
Q
What is the correlation (validity) coefficient?
A
- the relationship between the predicted value and reference
- using an R-value
18
Q
What does the standard error of estimate measure?
A
- the accuracy of prediction
19
Q
What is sensitivity?
A
- probability of correctly identifying risk factors
- false positive
20
Q
What is specificity?
A
- probability of correctly identify no risk factors
- false negative
21
Q
What is objectivity?
A
- intertester reliability
22
Q
What is reliability?
A
- consistent and stable score
23
Q
What is overload?
A
- physiological systems must be stressed for them to adapt
24
Q
What is progression?
A
- physiological systems adapt to stress, additional stress is needed to provide overload
25
Initial conditioning
- Low intensity, technique, increase duration first
26
Improvement
- all variable increase (one at a time)
27
Maintenance
- low frequency and duration, high intensity
28
What is regression?
- physiological systems receive less stress is needed to provide overload
29
What are initial values?
- lower the fitness level, the larger/faster the progression
30
What are diminishing returns (ceiling)?
- closer to an individual's genetic ceiling, the smaller/slower the progression
31
What are the FITT variables?
- frequency
- intensity
- type
- time
32
How can overload be applied?
- by manipulating frequency, intensity, type, and time
33
What are the 5 stages of change?
1. precontemplation
2. contemplation
3. preparation
4. action
5. maintenance
34
Precontemplation
- does not exercise and does not intend to start
35
Contemplation
- not exercising but intends to start
36
Preparation
- exercising but not meeting recommended amount of PA
37
Action
- exercising regularly for less than 6 months
38
Maintenance
- exercising regularly for more than 6 months
39
What is the decision-making theory model?
- weighing the perceived benefits and costs of that behavior
40
What is the self-determination theory?
- the ability to make choices and manage their own life
41
What are the 3 basic needs of motivation?
1. autonomy
2. competence
3. relatedness
