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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 8: Articulations > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Articulations Flashcards

1
Q

Articulations

A

site where 2 or more bones meet
weakest parts of skeleton
give skeleton mobility and hold skeleton together

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2
Q

Arthrology

A

study of joints

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3
Q

Kinesiology

A

study of musculoskeleton

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4
Q

Fibrous joints

A

joined by fibrous tissues

no joint cavity, most are synarthroses

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5
Q

Sutures

A

occur btw bones of skull, comprised of interlocking junctions filled w/ connective tissue fibers
bind bones tightly together, allow for growth during youth
bones fuse and are called synostoses

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6
Q

Syndemoses

A

connected by fibrous tissue ligament

movement varies from immovable to slightly variable

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7
Q

Gomhoses

A

peg-in-socket fibrous joint btw a tooth and alveolar socket

fibrous connection is periodontal ligament

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8
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

articulating bones are united by cartilage, do not have joint cavity
two types synchondroses and symphyses

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9
Q

synchondroses

A

a bar or plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones

all are synarthrotic

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10
Q

symphyses

A

hyaline cartilage covers the articulating surface of bone and is fused to an intervening pad of fibrocartilage

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11
Q

amphiarthrotic

A

joints designed for strength and limited flexibility

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12
Q

Bony joints

A

2 or more bones that were once separate fused by osseous tissue

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13
Q

synarthrotic joints

A

no movement btw them since they are fused into a single bony structure

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14
Q

synovial joints

A

joints in which the articulating bones are separated by fluid-containing joint cavity, all freely movable diarthroses

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15
Q

bursae

A

flattened, fibrous sacs lined w/ synovial membranes and containing synovial fluid

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16
Q

tendon sheath

A

elongated bursa that wraps completely around a tendon

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17
Q

origin

A

attachment of the immovable bone

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18
Q

insertion

A

attachment to movable bone

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19
Q

nonaxial

A

slipping (gliding) movements only

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20
Q

uniaxial

A

movement in 1 plane

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21
Q

biaxial

A

movement in 2 planes

22
Q

multiaxial

A

movement in or around all three planes

23
Q

flexion

A

bending movement that decreases the angle of joint

24
Q

extension

A

reverse flexion; joint angle is increased

25
Q

dorsiflexion/plantarflexion

A

up and down movement of foot

26
Q

abduction

A

movement away from midline

27
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the midline

28
Q

circumduction

A

movement decreases a cone in space

29
Q

Gliding movement (translation)

A

1 flat bone surface glides or slips another similar surface

30
Q

Rotational movement

A

turning of a bone around its own long axis

31
Q

Types of synovial joints

A 
plane
hinge
pivot
condyloid (episoid) joints
saddle joints
ball and socket joints
32
Q

Plane joints

A

articular surfaces are essentially flat
allow only slipping/gliding
nonaxial joints
intercarpal and intertarsal

33
Q

Hinge joints

A

cylindrical projection of 1 bone fits into a trough-shaped surface on another
motion along a single plane
uniaxial joints permit flexion and extension (elbow)

34
Q

Pivot joints

A

rounded end of 1 bone prortrudes into a sleeve or ring composed of bone and/or ligaments of another
only uniaxial rotational movement allowed
(joint btw dens/axis, proximal radioulnar joint)

35
Q

Condyloid (ellipsoidal) joints

A

oval articular surface of 1 bone its into a complementary depression in another
both articular surfaces are oval
biaxial joints permit all angular motions (wrist, first knuckle joints)

36
Q

Saddle joints

A

similiar to condyloid joints but allow greater amplitude to movement
each articular surface has both a concave and convex surface
(carpometacarpal joint of thumb)

37
Q

Ball-and-Socket joints

A

spherical or hemispherical head of 1 bone articulates w/ cupcake socket of another
multiaxial joints permit most freely moving synovial joints
(shoulder and hip joints)

38
Q

Knee

A

largest and most complex synovial joint of body
allows flexion, extension and some rotations
3 joints in 1 surrounded by single joint cavity (femoropatellar, lateral tibiofemoral joint, medial tibiofemoral joint)

39
Q

Anterior superficial structures

A

tendons of quadriceps femurs muscle
lateral and medial patellar retinacula
fibular and tibial collateral ligaments
patellar ligament

40
Q

Cartilage tears

A

common in mensci of joints
cartilage is not very vascular, so healing is very slow at best
often have cartilage fragments floating in the joint that needs to be removed (arthroscopic surgery)

41
Q

Sprains

A

reinforcing ligaments of a joint are stretched or torn
partial tears can repair themselves slowly
complete tears can be treated by sewing them back together, replaced w/ graft, immobilizing the joint until it heals

42
Q

Dislocations

A

bone ends at a joint are displaced
commonly result of sports injuries or falls
repeated dislocation of same joint is common due to stretching of ligaments and “loosening” of joint capsule

43
Q

Bursitis

A

inflammation of bursa caused by a blow or chronic friction

pain/swelling

44
Q

Tendonitis

A

inflammation of tendon sheaths caused by overuse

similiar to bursitis

45
Q

Arthritis

A

100+ different types of inflammatory or degenerative diseases damage joints
Acute forms: caused by bacteria, treated w/ antibiotics
chronic forms: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and gouty arthritis

46
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

most common chronic arthritis

usually affects fingers, knuckles, knees and hips

47
Q

Treatment of osteoarthritis

A

slow progressing and irreversible
mild pain relievers, moderate activity, magnetic therapy, glucosamine sulfate might dec paid and inflammation,
joint replacement at knees/hips

48
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease of unknown cause

joint tenderness, anemia, osteoporosis, muscle atrophy, and cardiovascular problems

49
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

RA begins w/ sonorities of affected joints

swelling caused by inflammatory chemicals and when inflammatory immune cells migrate into joint

50
Q

ankylosis

A

bent, deformed finers, toes

51
Q

Treatment for RA

A

conservative therapy- aspirin, steroids, long-term use antibiotics, physical therapy
progressive treatment: anti-inflammatory drugs or immunosuppressants
Enbrel- drug

52
Q

Gouty arthritis

A

deposition of uric acid crystals in joints and soft tissues followed by an inflammation response
affects joint at base of great roe
untreated: bone ends fuse and immobilize the joint
treatment- colchicine, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids (steroids)

Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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