Chapter 8: Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
identify the bones of the pectoral (shoulder) girdle, their functions, and their principal markings.
Clavicle and Scapula Surface Markings – Clavicle: Conoid tubercle, Impression for the costoclavicular ligament Scapula: Scapular notch, Coracoid Process, Supraspinous fossa, Infraspinous fossa, Subscapular Fossa
identify the bones of the upper limb and their principal markings.
30 bones: Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Carpals 8 (wrist), Metacarpals 5, Phalanges 14 Surface Markings - Humerus: Medial and lateral Epicondyle Ulna: Ulna Tuberosityand styloid process, Radius: Radial Tuberosity and styloid process Carpals: Flexor Retinaculum, Carpal Tunnel
identify the bones of the pelvic girdle and their principal markings.
Hip Bones 2 (Ilium, Ischium, Pubis), Sacrum and Coccyx Surface Markings – Ilium: Posterior and Inferior Iliac spine, Greater sciatic notch, Iliac fossa, Iliac tuberosity, Posterior, Anterior and inferior gluteal line Ischium: Ischial Spine, Lesser sciatic notch, ischial tuberosity, Obturator foramen Pubis: Acetabular notch
distinguish between the false and true pelves.
The hip bones, sacrum, coccyx, and pubic symphysis form the bony pelvis. It supports the vertebral column and pelvic viscera and attaches the free lower limbs to the axial skeleton
The false pelvis is separated from the true pelvis by the pelvic brim
The true pelvis (inferior to pelvic brim) surrounds the pelvic cavity and houses the rectum and urinary bladder in both genders, the vagina and cervix of the uterus in females, and the prostate in males - Pelvic axis - route baby’s head takes
The false pelvis (Superior to pelvic brim) is the lower portion of the abdomen that is situated superior to the pelvic brim. It contains the superior portion of the urinary bladder (when full) and the lower intestines in both genders and the uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries in the female
compare the principal differences between female and male pelves.
Male Pelvis:
General Structure: Heavy and thick, False (greater) Pelvis: Deep, Pelvic Brim (inlet): Narrow and Heart Shaped, Acetabulum: Large and faces laterally, Obturator Foramen: Round, Pubic Arch: Less than 90 angle, Iliac Crest: More Curved, Ilium: More Vertical, Greater Sciatic Notch: Narrow (about 70, inverted V), Coccyx: Less moveable and less curved anteriorly, Sacrum: Longer, Narrow, and more curved anteriorly
Female Pelvis:
General Structure: Light and thin, False (greater) Pelvis: Shallow, Pelvic Brim (inlet): Wide and more oval, Acetabulum: Small and faces anteriorly, Obturator Foramen: Oval, Pubic Arch: Greater than 90 angle, Iliac Crest: Less Curved, Ilium: Less Vertical, Greater Sciatic Notch: Wide (almost 90), Coccyx: More moveable and more curved anteriorly, Sacrum: Shorter, wider and less curved anteriorly
identify the bones of the lower limb and their principal markings.
30 bones: Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals 7, Metatarsals (5) Phalanges 14 Surface Markings – Femur: Fovea capitis, Greater and lesser trochanter, adductortubercle, Tibia: Tibial Tuberosity,
the names of the carpals and major features
The proximal row of carpal bones (from radial to ulnar) includes the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and pisiform bones.
The distal row includes the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate bones.
