Chapter 8-9 test Flashcards
What is the difference between ions you have learned about and the polyatomic ions you learned about this chapter?
All of the ions we learned about had only one atom. The ions we learned about this module had more than one atom.
List the Chemical Formula (including Charge) for each of the following ions: Sulfate, Nitrate, Sulfide, Hydroxide and Phosphate.
So4 2- , No2 - , C2H3O2 , S2- , OH- , PO4 3-
Give the names of the following Ions: NO2- , O2- , ClO3- , CO3 2- , SO3 2- , CrO4 2-
Nitrite, Oxide, Chlorate, Clorite, Sulfite, Chromate
What does VSEPR stand for?
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
Explain VSEPR
states that a molecule will take on whatever shape gets the central atom’s valence electron pairs as far away from each other as possible.
Why are the bond angles in a pyramidal shape smaller than the bond angles in a tetrahedral shape?
Because the pyramidal shape pushes the bonding electrons a little harder than they push on each other. The bonds are all pushed towards each other a little more than the tetrahedral shape.
What is the difference between Polar Covalent Bonds and Purely Covalent Bonds?
Polar covalent bonds are shared unequally between the atoms involved. Purely covalent bonds are shared more equally between atoms involved.
If two different atoms are bonded together with a purely covalent bond, what can we say about the electronegativities of the two atoms?
The have the same charge
Why do water and oil not mix?
Because oil is purely covalent and the water is polar covalent. One has an electrical charge while the other does not.
Why does soap help to wash away stains that water cannot wash away by itself?
Because soap is made up of long molecules that are ionic on one end and purely covalent on the other.
What are Valence Electrons and why are they so important?
Valence electrons are those that are farthest away from the nucleus of an atom. They are important because it shows they have a similar chemistry.
What are noble gasses and why are they important to chemistry?
Noble gasses are the elements in row 8A. They are important because they naturally have the ideal electron configuration.
What is the fundamental difference between metals and nonmetals?
Metals give up electron while non metals gain electrons to get the ideal electron configuration.
What is the difference between an atom and an ion?
Atoms have no electrical charge while ions have an electrical charge due to there imbalance of protons and electrons.
What is ionization potential?
the amount of energy needed in order to take an electron away from an atom.
What is the difference between ionic compounds and covalent compounds?
Ionic compounds form when atoms give and take electrons, Covalent forms when they share electrons.
What gasses are involved in earths three-tiered protection system against hight-energy light that comes from the sun?
Nitrogen, Oxygen and Ozone
