chapter 8 & 9

Question 1

hereditary

Answer 1

inherited values, nature

Question 2

environment

Answer 2

values of environment, nurture

Question 3

interactionist approach

Answer 3

the assumption that hereditary and environmental factors interact to influence development change

Question 4

human genome

Answer 4

the full collection of our genes

Question 5

DNA

Answer 5

makes up the chromosomes and carries the genes

Question 6

chromosomes

Answer 6

threadlike structures that contain DNA which contain genetic materials

Question 7

dominant gene

Answer 7

the gene that displays its characteristics rather than its paired gene

Question 8

recessive

Answer 8

describes a gene whose characteristics will only be displayed if the paired gene is also recessive (non dominant)

Question 9

genes

Answer 9

the basic unit of genetic material located on the chromosomes

Question 10

what is maturation

Answer 10

a genetically programmed process that governs growth

Question 11

what can learning be defined as

Answer 11

a relatively permanent change in behaviour due to learning

Question 12

how to maturation and learning work together?

Answer 12

ex- babies don’t walk until their brains are ready.

Question 13

what are critical periods ?

Answer 13

a period in life where certain experiences must happen for normal development to proceed

Question 14

what are teratogens?

Answer 14

toxic substances that are capable of harming an unborn child

Question 15

what are sensitive periods ?

Answer 15

optimal times for psychological development in certain areas, such as learning to speak in the first year of life.

Question 16

what is the harry Harlow experiment

Answer 16

monkey were separated from their mothers and were given the option of comfort or food.

Question 17

what is the Ainsworth attachment theory

Answer 17

mother leave the room and a stranger enters

Question 18

the 6 stages of life spare are

Answer 18

pre natal
infancy 
childhood
adolescence 
early-mid-late adulthood.

Question 19

cognitive development

Answer 19

the development of our mental abilities through the lifespan.

Question 20

physical development

Answer 20

impacts on our psychological functioning, eg- affect the way we solve problems.

Question 21

inborn reflexes

Answer 21

automatic responses to specific stimuli

Question 22

physical development example

Answer 22

more co-ordiatnated than 10 years ago, can tie shoe laces and hold a pen correctly

Question 23

cognitive development example

Answer 23

more knowledge than 10 years ago

Question 24

social and emotional development

Answer 24

as a baby you’d cry is you want/need something.

Question 25

experience expected learning

Answer 25

apart of a persons natural development

Question 26

experience dependant learning

Answer 26

occurs at anytime during the lifespan

Question 27

what is privation?

Answer 27

when a child never forms a close relationship with anyone

Question 28

what is attachment?

Answer 28

a strong close emotional bond that occur between infant and caregiver.

Question 29

insecure avoiding attachment 25%

Answer 29

rarely get upset when a stranger enters the room

Question 30

secure attachment 65%

Answer 30

play happily when caregiver is present

Question 31

insecure resistant attachment 10%

Answer 31

more clingy, cry and don’t explore as much as A & B

Question 32

piaget sensorimotor birth-2

Answer 32

infants learn about their world through senses and by actions

Question 33

Piaget preoperational 2-7

Answer 33

children continue to develop and they use symbols, images and language to represent their world

Question 34

concrete operational 7-12

Answer 34

children can perform basic mental problems that involve physical objects

Question 35

formal operation 12+

Answer 35

children are able to think logically and methodically about physical and abstract problems