Chapter 8 Flashcards
unconditioned responses (URs)
elicited by antecedent stimuli even though no conditioning or learning has occurred
A natural reflexive action of the body that occurs when a US is present
Respondent Conditioning
when a previously NS is paired with a US (the NS and the US are presented together). As a result of this pairing, the NS becomes a CS and elicits a CR similar to the UR.
trace conditioning
the NS precedes the US, but the NS ends before the US is presented
delay conditioning
the NS is presented and then the US is presented before the NS ends
simultaneous conditioning
the NS and the US are presented at the same time
backward conditioning
the US is presented before the NS
higher-order conditioning
an NS is paired with an already established CS and the NS becomes a CS
conditioned emotional responses (CERs)
conditioned responses but they are emotional
Positive or Negative
respondent extinction
extinction of a CR
repeated presentation of the CS without presenting the US
If the CS continues to occur in the absence of the US, the CR eventually decreases in intensity and stops
spontaneous recovery
when the CS elicits the CR after respondent extinction has taken place
discrimination
the CS is elicited by a single CS or a narrow range of CSs
generalization
a number of similar CSs or broader range of CSs elicit the same CR
salient
the more intense stimulus (which would be more effective as a CS)