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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Only points at which movements of bones can occur

A

Joints/Articulations

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2
Q

What are the two ways in which joints are categorized?

A

Function (ROM)

Structure (anatomical organization)

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3
Q

Joints that do not allow movement

A

Synarthrosis (syn-, together + arthrosis, articulation)

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4
Q

Joints that allow some movement

A

Amphiarthrosis (amphi-, on both sides)

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5
Q

Freely movable joint

A

Diarthrosis

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6
Q

Located between bones of the skull

A

Suture

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7
Q

Joints held together by fibrous connective tissue

A

Fibrous

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8
Q

Synarthrotic joint binding teeth to bony sockets in maxillae and mandible

A

Gomphosis (gomphos, bolt)

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9
Q

Amphiarthrotic joint with bones connected by a ligament

Example: distal joint between tibia and fibula

A

Syndesmosis (desmos, a band or ligament)

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10
Q

Joints held together by cartilage

A

Cartilaginous

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11
Q

Synarthrotic joint formed by a rigid, cartilaginous bridge between two articulating bones
Example: between ends of the first pair of ribs and the sternum

A

Synchondrosis (syn, together + chondros, cartilage)

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12
Q

Amphiarthrotic joint where articulating bones separated by pad of fibrocartilage
Example: joint between the two pubic bones

A

Symphysis

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13
Q

Synarthrotic, totally rigid, immovable joint
Formed when bones fuse
Example: frontal suture and epiphyseal lines

A

Synostosis

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14
Q

Diarthrotic joints
Permit wider range of motion than any other joint type
Located at the ends of long bones

A

Synovial

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15
Q

Slick and smooth coating covering bones at a joint

A

Articular cartilage

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16
Q

Function of articular cartilage

A

Reduces friction

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17
Q

Sac enclosing the articular ends of the bones in a joint

A

Joint capsule

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18
Q

Lines the interior of the joint capsule and secretes fluid into the joint cavity

A

Synovial membrane

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19
Q

Fluid produced by the synovial membrane

A

Synovial fluid

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20
Q

Function of synovial fluid

A

Lubrication
Nutrient distribution
Shock absorption

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21
Q

Is the tendon of the quadriceps muscle part of the knee?

A

No

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22
Q

Small, thin, fluid-filled pocket filled with synovial fluid and lined by synovial membrane

A

Bursa

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23
Q

Function of bursa

A

Acts as shock absorber

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24
Q

Localized masses of adipose tissue covered by a layer of synovial membrane

A

Fat pads

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25
Q

Pad of fibrocartilage between opposing bones in a synovial joint

A

Meniscus

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26
Q

Greater range of motion results in _____ joints.

A

weaker

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27
Q

Movement beyond the normal range of motion

A

Dislocation or luxation

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28
Q

Are there pain receptors inside a joint?

A

NO

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29
Q

Linear motion

Permits sliding motion in any direction on a relatively flat surface

A

Gliding

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30
Q

Movement along two axes in one plane

Also involves a change in angle

A

Angular motion

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31
Q

Proximal end of bone remains fixed while distal end moves in a path of drawing a circle

A

Circumduction

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32
Q

Movement around the longitudinal axis

Bone end remains fixed, and the shaft rotates

A

Rotation

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33
Q

Decreases the angle of the joint

A

Flexion

34
Q

Increases the angle of the joint

A

Extension

35
Q

Extension past the anatomical position

A

Hyperextension

36
Q

Refers to bending the vertebral column to the side

A

Lateral flexion

37
Q

Upward movement of the foot or toes

A

Dorsiflexion

38
Q

Movement extending the ankle as in standing on tiptoe

A

Plantar flexion

39
Q

Movement away from the longitudinal axis in the frontal plane
Spreading fingers or toes apart

A

Abduction

40
Q

Movement toward the longitudinal axis in the frontal plane

Bringing fingers or toes together

A

Adduction

41
Q

Movement of the trunk

A

left and right rotation

42
Q

Anterior surface of a limb turns toward the long axis of the trunk

A

Medial rotation (internal or inward rotation)

43
Q

Anterior surface of a limb turns away from the long axis of the trunk

A

Lateral rotation (external or outward rotation)

44
Q

Pronation

A

Movement inward

45
Q

Supination

A

Movement outward

46
Q

Movement of the thumb toward the surface of the palm or pads of other fingers
Enables grasping objects

A

Opposition

47
Q

Twisting motion turning the sole inward

A

Inversion

48
Q

Opposing motion turning the sole outward

A

Eversion

49
Q

Moving a part of the body anteriorly in the horizontal plane

A

Protraction

50
Q

Reverse of protraction; returning the body part to normal position

A

Retraction

51
Q

Moving a body part inferiorly (as in opening your jaw)

A

Depression

52
Q

Moving a body part superiorly (as in closing your jaw)

A

Elevation

53
Q

Joints of the appendicular skeleton are stronger or weaker than axial skeleton joints?

A

weaker

54
Q

Intervertebral discs account for what portion of the length of the vertebral column?

A

1/4

55
Q

Caused by weakened posterior longitudinal ligaments

Allows compression of nucleus pulposus and distortion of anulus fibrosus

A

Bulging disc

56
Q

Nucleus pulposus breaks through anulus fibrosus and protrudes into the vertebral canal
Compresses spinal nerves

A

Herniated disc

57
Q

Inadequate ossification leading to loss of bone mass

A

Osteopenia

58
Q

Loss of bone mass, along with reduced cushioning of intervertebral discs, leads to increasing incidence of vertebral fractures in elderly

A

Osteoporosis

59
Q

Greatest range of motion of any joint

A

Shoulder joint or glenohumoral joint

60
Q

Most frequently dislocated joint

A

Shoulder joint or glenohumoral joint

61
Q

Articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula

A

Ball-and-socket diarthrosis

62
Q

Articulation between the head of the femur and the acetabulum (deep fossa) of the hip bone

A

Hip joint

63
Q

Complex hinge joint involving humerus, radius, and ulna

A

Elbow joint

64
Q

Partial dislocation of the radial head from annular ligament

A

nursemaid’s elbow

65
Q

Capitulum of humerus articulates with head of radius

A

Humeroradial joint

66
Q

Works like a door hinge where trochlea of humerus articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna

A

Humeroulnar joint

67
Q

Is the proximal radioulnar joint part of the elbow joint?

A

NO

68
Q

Stabilizes the lateral surface of the elbow joint

A

Radial collateral ligament

69
Q

Binds the head of the radius to the ulna

A

Annular ligament

70
Q

Stabilizes the medial surface of the elbow joint

A

Ulnar collateral ligament

71
Q

The knee joint contains ___ separate articulations.

A

3

72
Q

Provides lateral support of the knee

A

LCL

73
Q

Provides medial support of the knee

A

MCL

74
Q

Run between femur and heads of the tibia and fibula

A

Popliteal ligaments

75
Q

Pair of fibrocartilage pads between femoral and tibial surfaces that act as cushions and provide lateral stability

A

Medial and lateral menisci

76
Q

Limit the anterior/posterior movement of the tibia

A

Cruciate (cruciatus, cross) ligaments

77
Q

“Locking” knee in extended position

A

ACL

78
Q

General term indicating pain and stiffness in the bones and/or muscles

A

Rheumatism

79
Q

All rheumatic diseases that affect synovial joints

A

Arthritis

80
Q

Most common form of arthritis

Cumulative effects of wear and tear on joints

A

Osteoarthritis

81
Q

Allows exploration of a joint without major surgery

Narrow, flexible fiberoptic tube with tiny camera

A

Arthroscope

82
Q

Allows visualization of soft tissue outside the joint cavity, not visible with arthroscope

A

MRI

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (5 decks)

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