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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > 12/15 > Flashcards

12/15 Flashcards

1
Q

Skull, thoracic cage, vertebral column

A

Axial skeleton

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2
Q

How many bones are in the axial skeleton?

A

80 bones

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3
Q

What percentage of bones does the axial skeleton make up?

A

40%

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4
Q

Upper limbs, lower limbs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle

A

Appendicular skeleton

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5
Q

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

A

126 bones

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6
Q

joints between skull bones held together by dense fibrous tissue

A

Sutures

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7
Q

Coronal suture

A

frontal to parietal

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8
Q

Squamous suture

A

temporal to parietal

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9
Q

Sagittal suture

A

parietal to parietal

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10
Q

Lambdoid suture

A

occipital to parietal

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11
Q

Form part of medial wall of the orbit (eye socket)

A

Lacrimal bones

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12
Q

Form the posterior portion of the hard palate and contribute to the floor of each orbit

A

Palatine bones

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13
Q

Form part of the cheekbone

A

Zygomatic bones

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14
Q

Support the upper teeth and form inferior orbital rim, the upper jaw, lateral margins of the external nares, and most of hard palate

A

Maxillae

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15
Q

Increase epithelial surface area to warm and humidify inhaled air

A

Inferior nasal conchae

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16
Q

Forms the inferior portion of the bony nasal septum

A

Vomer

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17
Q

forms the lower jaw

A

Mandible

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18
Q

Forms the anterior portion of the cranium and roof of the orbits, Frontal sinuses secrete mucus that helps flush the nasal cavities

A

Frontal bone

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19
Q

Forms part of the floor of the cranium, Unites facial and cranial bones, Acts as a cross-brace to strengthen sides of the skull

A

Sphenoid bone

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20
Q

Forms the anteromedial floor of the cranium, the roof of the nasal cavity, part of nasal septum and medial orbital wall

A

Ethmoid bone

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21
Q

Form part of the superior and lateral surfaces of the cranium

A

Parietal bones

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22
Q

Contributes to the posterior, lateral, and inferior cranial surfaces

A

Occipital bone

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23
Q

Form part of the lateral wall of the cranium, Articulate with the mandible and facial bones, Surround the sense organs of the inner ear

A

Temporal bone

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24
Q

Attachment for muscles that rotate or extend head

A

Mastoid process

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25
Q

Attached to ligaments supporting the hyoid bone and tendons of several muscles

A

Styloid process

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26
Q

Large fibrous areas between cranial bones of infants and small children

A

Fontanelles

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27
Q

commonly called the soft spot, Intersection of frontal, sagittal, and coronal sutures

A

Anterior fontanelle

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28
Q

Junction of squamous and coronal sutures

A

Sphenoidal fontanelle

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29
Q

Junction of squamous and lambdoid sutures

A

Mastoid fontanelle

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30
Q

Junction of lambdoid and sagittal sutures

A

Occipital fontanelle

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31
Q

Vertebrae body: small oval curved faces

A

Cervical vertebrae

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32
Q

Spinous process: long, split tip, points inferiorly

A

Cervical vertebrae

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33
Q

Transverse process – transverse foramina

A

Cervical vertebrae

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34
Q

Vertebrae body: medium, heart shaped, flat faces, facets for rib articulations

A

Thoracic vertebrae

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35
Q

Spinous process: long, slender, not split, points inferiorly

A

Thoracic vertebrae

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36
Q

Transverse process: all but two have facets for rib articulations

A

Thoracic vertebrae

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37
Q

Vertebrae body: massive, oval, flat faces

A

Lumbar vertebrae

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38
Q

Spinous process: blunt, broad, points posteriorly

A

Lumbar vertebrae

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39
Q

Transverse process: short, not articular facets or transverse foramina

A

Lumbar vertebrae

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40
Q

permits nodding yes

A

C1 Atlas

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41
Q

permits rotation & shaking head no

A

C2 Axis

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42
Q

Body of each vertebrae slightly larger as they move inferiorly, able to bear increasing weight

A

Thoracic vertebrae

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43
Q

Largest vertebrae, transmit the most weight

A

Lumbar vertebrae

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44
Q

Names of the 5 regions of vertebral column and # of bones

A

Cervical – 7 vertebrae, Thoracic – 12 vertebrae, Lumbar – 5 vertebrae, Sacral – 5 fused vertebrae, Coccygeal – 3 to 5 fused vertebrae

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45
Q

Vertebrosternal ribs

A

True ribs, 1-7

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46
Q

Vertebrochondral ribs

A

Floating ribs, 8-10

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47
Q

Vertebral ribs

A

False ribs, 11-12

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48
Q

Describe rib articulations

A

Rib articulates with a thoracic vertebra via costal facets

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49
Q

What is the significance of sternoclavicular joint?

A

Only articulation between pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton

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50
Q

joins the arms to the trunk

A

pectoral girdle

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51
Q

composed of two hip bones

A

pelvic girdle

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52
Q

Name the two girdles

A

pectoral and pelvic

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53
Q

humerus, radius, ulna, carpal, metacarpals, phalanges

A

upper limbs

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54
Q

femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

A

lower limbs

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55
Q

Describe the shoulder articulation

A

Articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula

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56
Q

Describe the hip articulation

A

Articulation between the head of the femur and the acetabulum (deep fossa) of the hip bone

57
Q

bones that make up the coxal bone

A

Each formed by the fusion of three bones (ilium, ischium, pubis)

58
Q

Synarthrosis

A

No movement

59
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

some movement

60
Q

Diarthrosis

A

freely moveable

61
Q

Components of a synovial joint

A

Articular cartilage, joint capsule, synovial membrane, Located at the ends of long bones

62
Q

Permits sliding motion in any direction on a relatively flat surface

A

Gliding

63
Q

Movement along two axes in one plane

A

Angular

64
Q

Bone end remains fixed, and the shaft rotates around the longitudinal axis

A

Rotation

65
Q

Proximal end of bone remains fixed while distal end moves in a path of drawing a circle

A

Circumduction

66
Q

Decreases the angle of the joint

A

Flexion

67
Q

Increases the angle of the joint

A

Extension

68
Q

Extension past the anatomical position

A

Hyperextension

69
Q

Refers to bending the vertebral column to the side

A

Lateral flexion

70
Q

Upward movement of the foot or toes

A

Dorsiflexion

71
Q

Movement extending the ankle as in standing on tiptoe

A

Plantar flexion

72
Q

Movement away from the longitudinal axis in the frontal plane

A

Abduction

73
Q

Movement toward the longitudinal axis in the frontal plane

A

Adduction

74
Q

Moving a body part such that the distal end traces a circle while the proximal end stays in one position

A

Circumduction

75
Q

Anterior surface of a limb turns toward the long axis of the trunk

A

Medial rotation

76
Q

Anterior surface of a limb turns away from the long axis of the trunk

A

Lateral rotation

77
Q

Turns the wrist and hand from palm facing front to palm facing back (posteriorly)

A

Pronation

78
Q

Palm is turned anteriorly

A

Supination

79
Q

Movement of the thumb toward the surface of the palm or pads of other fingers, Enables grasping objects

A

Opposition

80
Q

Twisting motion turning the sole inward

A

Inversion

81
Q

Opposing motion turning the sole outward

A

Eversion

82
Q

Moving a part of the body anteriorly in the horizontal plane

A

Protraction

83
Q

Reverse of protraction; returning the body part to normal position

A

Retraction

84
Q

Moving a body part inferiorly (as in opening your jaw)

A

Depression

85
Q

Moving a body part superiorly (as in closing your jaw)

A

Elevation

86
Q

held together by fibrous connective tissue

A

Fibrous

87
Q

connected by dense fibrous connective tissue

A

Suture

88
Q

binding teeth to bony sockets in maxillae and mandible

A

Gomphosis

89
Q

connected by a ligament

A

Syndesmosis

90
Q

held together by cartilage

A

Cartilaginous

91
Q

rigid, cartilaginous bridge between two articulating bones

A

Synchondrosis

92
Q

articulating bones separated by pad of fibrocartilage

A

Symphysis

93
Q

totally rigid, immovable joint

A

Synostosis

94
Q

Permit wider range of motion than any other joint type, Located at the ends of long bones

A

Synovial

95
Q

Provides lateral support of the knee

A

Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

96
Q

Provides medial support of the knee

A

Medial collateral ligament (MCL)

97
Q

Reinforce posterior surface of the joint

A

Popliteal ligaments

98
Q

Repeating functional units of skeletal muscle fiber

A

Sarcomere

99
Q

Thin and thick filaments interspersed

A

Zone of overlap

100
Q

Boundary between adjacent sarcomeres

A

Z lines

101
Q

Connects central portion of each thick filament

A

M line

102
Q

Darker, dense sarcomere region containing thick filaments and thin filaments, The length of the thick filament

A

A band

103
Q

Lighter band containing only thin filaments (no thick)

A

I band

104
Q

Contains only thick filaments (no thin)

A

H band

105
Q

Continuous with sarcolemma, Encircle sarcomere and tightly bind to sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Transverse tubules (T tubules)

106
Q

What are thin filaments composed of?

A

Actin

107
Q

What are thick filaments composed of?

A

Myosin

108
Q

Three types of muscles

A

skeltal, smooth, cardiac

109
Q

Are skeletal muscles voluntary or involuntary?

A

voluntary

110
Q

Are cardiac muscles voluntary or involuntary?

A

involuntary

111
Q

Are smooth muscles voluntary or involuntary?

A

involuntary

112
Q

Tension rises and skeletal muscle length changes

A

Isotonic contraction

113
Q

Muscle length does not change and tension never exceeds load

A

Isometric contraction

114
Q

Dense layer of collagen fibers surrounding entire muscle

A

Epimysium

115
Q

Increase in muscle size

A

Hypertrophy

116
Q

Decrease in muscle size, tone, and power

A

Atrophy

117
Q

Intercellular connection between motor neuron and skeletal muscle fiber

A

Neuromuscular junction

118
Q

bundle of muscle fibers connecting muscle to bone

A

Tendon

119
Q

Single stimulus-contraction-relaxation sequence in a muscle fiber

A

Twitch

120
Q

Muscle whose contraction is chiefly responsible for producing particular movement

A

Agonist

121
Q

Muscle that helps larger agonist work efficiently

A

Synergist

122
Q

Synergists that assist by preventing movement at another joint

A

Fixators

123
Q

Muscle whose action opposes particular agonist

A

Antagonist

124
Q

Where fixed end of a skeletal muscle attaches

A

Origin

125
Q

Where the movable end of a skeletal muscle attaches

A

Insertion

126
Q

Fulcrum is between applied force and load

A

First class lever

127
Q

Load is between applied force and fulcrum

A

Second-class lever

128
Q

Force applied between load and fulcrum

A

Third-class lever

129
Q

Most common lever in body

A

Third-class lever

130
Q

Speed and distance traveled are increased at expense of effective force

A

Third-class lever

131
Q

Increased effective force but at expense of speed and distance

A

Second-class lever

132
Q

Position head and spinal column, move rib cage, assist in breathing

A

Axial muscles

133
Q

Stabalize or move appendicular skeleton

A

Appendicular muscles

134
Q

Extensors of the knee

A

Quadriceps

135
Q

Flexors or the knee

A

Hamstrings

136
Q

Extensors of the hip

A

Hamstrings

137
Q

Common name for the collection of four muscles and associated tendons that are involved in arm movements (such as throwing a ball)

A

Rotator cuff

138
Q

Four muscles of the rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (5 decks)

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