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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

The muscular system accounts for ____ of our body weight

A

half

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2
Q

Two divisions of the muscular system

A

Axial muscles

Appendicular muscles

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3
Q

Support and position axial skeleton

A

axial muscles

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4
Q

Support, move, and brace the limbs

A

Appendicular muscles

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5
Q

Rigid structure that moves when force is applied

A

lever

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6
Q

Fixed point on which lever pivots (joint)

A

Fulcrum

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7
Q

Fulcrum (F) is between applied force (AF) and load (L)

Acts like seesaw

A

first class lever

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8
Q

Load is between applied force and fulcrum

Acts like wheelbarrow

A

second class lever

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9
Q

Most common lever in body

Force applied between load and fulcrum

A

third class lever

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10
Q

Where fixed end of a skeletal muscle attaches

A

origin

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11
Q

Where the movable end of a skeletal muscle attaches

A

insertion

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12
Q

Specific movement of a skeletal muscle

A

action

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13
Q

Standing on tip toes is an example of what type of lever?

A

second class lever

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14
Q

Bicep curls are examples of what type of lever?

A

third class lever

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15
Q

Muscle whose contraction is chiefly responsible for producing particular movement

A

agonist or prime mover

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16
Q

Muscle that helps larger agonist work efficiently

May provide additional pull or stabilize origin

A

synergist

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17
Q

Synergists that assist by preventing movement at another joint

A

fixators

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18
Q

Muscle whose action opposes particular agonist

A

antagonist

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19
Q

Position head and spinal column

Move rib cage, assist in breathing

A

axial muscles

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20
Q

Stabilize or move appendicular skeleton

A

Appendicular muscles

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21
Q

Four major muscle groups

A

Head and neck
Vertebral column
Oblique and rectus
Pelvic floor

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22
Q

Includes muscles of facial expression, extrinsic eye muscles, muscles of the tongue, pharynx, and neck

A

Muscles of the head and neck

23
Q

Includes muscles that stabilize, flex, extend, or rotate the vertebral column

A

Muscles of the vertebral column

24
Q

Broad sheets or bands forming the muscular walls of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

A

Oblique and rectus muscles of the trunk

25
Q

Spans the pelvic outlet and supports organs of the pelvis

A

Muscles of the pelvic floor

26
Q

Elevating the mandible, sliding the mandible side to side, protruding the mandible, opening the jaw (lateral pterygoid)

A

Muscles of mastication

27
Q

Positioning the eyes

A

Extrinsic eye muscles

28
Q

Involved in positioning mandible, hyoid, and larynx

A

Muscles of the neck

29
Q

Why does the vertebral column does not need massive series of flexors?

A

Many large trunk muscles flex vertebral column

Most of body weight is anterior to the vertebral column, and gravity tends to flex the spine

30
Q

Muscles of the vertebral column have _____ extensors but _____ flexors.

A

many

few

31
Q

Stabilize, position, and support the limbs

Categorized into upper limb and lower limb

A

Appendicular muscles

32
Q

Both oblique and rectus muscles

A

muscles of the trunk wall

33
Q

Muscles that position the pectoral girdle
Muscles that move the arm
Muscles that move the forearm and hand
Extrinsic muscles of the hand and fingers
Intrinsic muscles of the hand

A

upper limb

34
Q 
Muscles that move the thigh
Muscles that move the leg
Extrinsic muscles that move the foot and toes
and fibula
Intrinsic muscles of the foot
A

lower limb

35
Q

Largest of the appendicular muscles

A

Appendicular muscles originating on the trunk

36
Q

Primarily originate on large bones of limb girdles and proximal bones of the limbs

A

Posterior appendicular trunk muscles

37
Q

Largest muscle in the group of muscles that position the pelvic girdle

A

trapezius

38
Q

Originate on the clavicle, scapula, thoracic cage, and vertebral column

A

muscles that move the arm

39
Q

largest superficial muscles associated with arm movements

A

Latissimus dorsi and deltoid

40
Q

Line of force produced with muscle contraction

A

line of action

41
Q

Common name for the collection of four muscles and associated tendons that are involved in arm movements (such as throwing a ball)

A

rotator cuff

42
Q

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

A

rotator cuff

43
Q

Wrist extensors are seen best on the _____ surface

Wrist flexors are seen best on the _____ surface

A

posterior

anterior

44
Q

Tubular bursae surrounding tendons where they cross bony surfaces

A

Synovial tendon sheaths

45
Q

Caused by inflammation of the flexor retinaculum and synovial tendon sheaths

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

46
Q

Originate on the humerus, radius, ulna, and interosseous membrane

A

Muscles that move the hand and fingers

47
Q

Originate on the carpal and metacarpal bones and associated tendons and ligaments

A

Intrinsic muscles of the hand

48
Q

Do any muscles originate on the phalanges?

A

NO

49
Q

All four of the quadriceps muscles insert on the patella via the _____

A

quadriceps tendon

50
Q

Largest muscles associated with ankle movement

A

Gastrocnemius and Soleus

51
Q

Separates limb muscles into separate compartments

A

Deep fascia

52
Q

Why do compartments created by the deep fascia not generally communicate with each other?

A

Infection or excess pressure remain in that compartment

53
Q

Trauma to a limb can cause bleeding
Elevates pressure and compresses blood vessels and nerves within that compartment
Lack of blood flow leads to “blood starvation” or ischemia

A

Compartment syndrome

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (5 decks)

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