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ENVS > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

In Canada what percentage of wild fish is from inland sources?

A

Less than 4%

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2
Q

What are the two biggest threats to marine environments?

A

Over fishing

Habitat destruction

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3
Q

What are factors that can be used to assess the sustainability of marine fisheries?

A
  • vulnerability of the species to fishing pressures
  • The nature and extent of the bycatch
  • The effect of fishing practices on the ecosystem
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4
Q

What type of fish are ,more susceptible to fishing pressures?

A

Fish like tuna, that are large, long-lived and slow to reproduce

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5
Q

Define bycatch

A

The incidental catching of non-target species when fishing for a particular species

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6
Q

What is the fishing gear with the most ecological impacts?

A

Bottom trawl

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7
Q

What is the fishing gear with the least ecological impacts?

A

Harpoon

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8
Q

What is the fishing gear that involves a large net that encircles the fish and is pulled together to enclose them. Has a relatively low bycatch impact

A

Purse Seine

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9
Q

What is the fishing gear that has a high impact on large pelagic species?

A

Pelagic longline

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10
Q

What is a type of net used in Atlantic Canada that hang vertically in the water and is secured to the sea floor. Problematic for ground fish bycatch?

A

Bottom gillnet

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11
Q

What are the metal baskets that are dragged along the sea floor to catch scallops?

A

Dredge

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12
Q

What is a net that hangs vertically in the water but does not touch the seafloor?

A

Midwater gillnet

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13
Q

What is a bottom secured line of bait hooks? Significant bycatch problem

A

Bottom longline

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14
Q

Farmed oysters are not very sustainable because of the amount of feed they require

A

False

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15
Q

An aquaculture technique known as off-bottom culture is used to farm mussels and clams.

A

True

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16
Q

Aquaculture is the most sustainable method of fish production.

A

False

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17
Q

To assess the sustainability of aquaculture both the type of fish feed and the location of the aquaculture facility need to be considered

A

True

18
Q

A challenge associated with a land based closed-containment system of aquaculture is that this industry has to pay for externalized costs of production (e.g. waste disposal) that net-pen systems do not.
True

A

True

19
Q

What are 2 very important factors used to assess the sustainability of aquaculture?

A

Use of marine resources in fish feed

Open ocean vs land based system

20
Q

What is the most sustainable fish feed?

A

. Best sustainable fish choices include fish that rely on omnivorous diets (like freshwater tilapia which rely on plant-based diets) or filter feeding shellfish (like oysters, clams and mussels) that rely on naturally occurring plankton (tiny plants and animals) in the seawater.

21
Q

What are some risks to netted pens in the ocean?

A

escaped farmed fish and their effects on wild fish populations
pollution and other impacts on habitats and ecosystems

22
Q

What is MSC?

A

The Marine Stewardship Council
The MSC is a global non-profit organisation working with fisheries, seafood companies, scientists, conservation groups and the public to promote the best environmental choice in seafood

23
Q

Define sustainable seafood.

A

Sustainable seafood can be defined as species that are caught or farmed in a way that ensures the long-term health and stability of that species, as well as the greater marine ecosystem

24
Q

What are the principles that fisheries must meet to receive MSC accreditation?

A
  1. Sustainable fish stocks
  2. Minimizing environmental impacts
  3. Effective management
25
Q

Name 5 accepted sustainable seafood

A 
Arctic Char
Pickerel 
Halibut
Shellfish
Spot prawns
Albacore tuna
cod
sablefish
snow crab
lake whitefish
rainbow trout
salmon
26
Q

Most of the global fish production that is not used directly for human food is processed and used as high-protein feed for livestock and aquaculture:

A

True

27
Q

Aquaculture accounts for approximately ______ % of the total global fishery food supply.

A

50%

28
Q

Which country dominates the global fisheries production?

A

China

29
Q

The FAO estimate that almost _____% of fish stocks are currently being fished at biologically unsustainable levels.

A

30%

30
Q

An ecosystem approach to managing fisheries only considers the target species.

A

False

31
Q

The following is a device used to decrease the amount of bycatch in the fishing industry.

A

Turtle excluder device

32
Q

A good way to assess the sustainability of wild caught fish is to examine the type of food that is consumed by the fish.

A

False

33
Q

In Canada all farmed salmon is produced using a closed-containment system.

A

False

34
Q

Which of the following is listed on the OceanWise Recommended Sustainable Seafood list?
a) Longline caught albacore tuna

b) Gillnet caught halibut
c) Dredged scallops
d) Closed-system farmed rainbow trout
e) Open-net farmed salmon

A

D - Closed-system farmed rainbow trout

35
Q

The following fishing method is particularly damaging to the seafloor.

A

Bottom Trawl

36
Q

The following fishing method causes little habitat damage but can cause high levels of bycatch.

A

Pelagic Longline

37
Q

One of your readings in this Unit reported on the largest off-shore fish farm in the world (located in Panama). What fish is produced at this farm?

A

Cobia

38
Q

Off-bottom culture is an aquaculture method used primarily for the production of shellfish.

A

True

39
Q

Mangrove forest destruction is associated with the farming of what type of seafood?

A

Shrimp

40
Q

Open net-pen aquaculture is used to produce farmed shellfish

A

False

ENVS (9 decks)

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